Warm Up What method of transport is this advertising? How much did it cost? Why were so many people headed to California in 1849? 200 Donkeys

Cowboys Mormons Native Americans 49ers Railroad Workers Farmers Definition: The belief in the 1800‘s that the US was destined by God to expand across the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Railroad Workers Cowboys Mormons Farmers Exodusters Native Americans 49ers

Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny was the belief that white Americans were destined by God to concur and expand from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. White Americans included all classes including farmers, poor and the middle class.

Railroad Workers Before the railroads trade and goods were transported through ships. Trains replaced ships. Railroads were faster than the canals during the winter when the water would freeze. Irish & Chinese immigrants built the railroads. It was dangerous due to Native American attacks and unsafe work.

Cowboys Cowboys or vaqueros were cattle ranchers who took cattle to railroad stations to sell. Herding cattle from Texas to Kansas. Took the Chisolm Trail North. Meat packing centers would process and ship beef across the country by railroad.

49ers 49ers were Gold diggers outside San Francisco, CA in 1848. John Sutter was a Swiss immigrant who owned the land that James Marshall, an inspector found gold on. Gold rush begins in 1849 News quickly spread that gold was in California. The impact of the Gold Rush made was a dramatic population increase in California of diverse people.

Mormons Most pioneers moved west for wealth, but some moved for religious freedom. The Mormons were members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Brigham Young leads Mormons to Great Salt Lake. Found Utah for religious freedom. Mormons had to leave their original state, New York because people were angry at them for practicing polygamy (having more than one wife).

Native Americans As settlers began to push west, Native American communities were greatly affected. It was difficult to move away from their land because Native Americans had strong cultural ties to their ancestral lands. Forced to move further west. Some fought against whites while others either moved or became part of white culture. President Andrew Jackson force Native Americans out of lands that had gold, with the Indian Removal Act. Constrained to reservations

Exodusters Slavery was beginning to die out in the United States. With the invention of the Cotton Gin, rumors of states reinstating slavery causes African-Americans to flee into the west. An Exoduster was a former slaves escaping the south. They were headed to Kansas were the Abolitionist movement took place. In Kansas a famous for allowing former slaves to have freedom.

Farmers Moving west for land. Congress passed a law to give 160 acres of land (equal to $200 an acre and $32,000 total) Homestead Act (1862) gives acres of land for free to settlers. Applicants had to be 21 or older and be the head of the family to get land. They had to live on the land for 5 years. People claimed more than 2 million acres.

Review Match the people with the reason they were moving: Farmers Exodusters Native Americans 49ers Mormons Railroad Workers Cowboys Moving to Kansas to escape slavery in the south Searching for gold in San Francisco. Seeking religious freedom in Utah. Following the railroads to sell cattle. Getting land to grow crops. Building rails across the United States.