Cultural Diffusion Cultural/Spatial Diffusion Cultural diffusion: People’s material and non- material creations spread across time and space, moving to new places and being carries through generations. Cultural diffusion: Spread of people’s cultural across space Spatial diffusion: Spread of any phenomenon (such as a disease) across space Two categories of diffusion: Expansion Relocation

Cultural Diffusion Expansion Diffusion Relocation Diffusion Def: Cultural component spreads outward to new places while remaining strong in the hearth Forms of Expansion Diffusion Stimulus Idea diffuses from hearth but original idea is changed Iced tea vs Sweet tea Hierarchical Idea spreads from a place or person of power Hip-hop moving from large cities to other larger cities to smaller cities to suburbs/ rural areas Contagious Numerous places or people near the point of origin become adopters Ex: Tuberculosis Relocation Diffusion Def: Involves actual movement of the original adapters from their hearth to a new place People do the “moving” not the innovation Migrant diffusion Innovation spreads and lasts only a brief time in the newly adopted place Ex: Band Concert Mix of Patterns Many diffusing phenomenon spread through mix of patterns Ex: HIV/ AIDS

Culture Hearths Definition: Areas where innovations in culture began, such as where agriculture, government, and urbanization originated Sources of human civilization Ancient culture hearths believed to have developed in places with the capacity for innovation Near sources of water/ arable land Not all innovations required interaction Independent innovation Ancient Hearth Direction of Diffusion of Civilization from Ancient Hearth Andean America Eastward t/out S. America Mesoamerica Eastern/Western N. America West Africa T/out Africa Nile River Valley T/out Africa and S.W. Asia Mesopotamia T/out S.W. Asia, Europe, Central and East Asia, W. Africa Indus River Valley T/out S.W., Central, East Asia Ganges River Valley T/out South, SE, and SW Asia Huang River Valley T/out East and SE Asia

Cultural Convergence and Divergence Definition: Occurs when two cultures adopt each other’s traits and become more alike Cultural Divergence Occurs when two cultures become increasingly different Often one group moves away from the territory of other Acculturation Occurs when two cultures come into contact with one another and the “weaker” of the two adopts traits from the more dominant culture Assimilation Sometimes acculturation leads to assimilation When the original traits of the weaker culture are completely replaced by more dominant culture Transculturation When two cultures of just about equal power meet and exchange ideas

Now Summarize your Cornell Notes regarding cultural diffusion. Briefly share your summary with your peers. Identify elements that you think are necessary for a civilization to be classified as a civilization > Share Next, carefully read and annotate the passage regarding civilizations > Summarize > Share & Discuss Exit: John Green Civilizations Objective: Identify elements that make-up a civilization