1. Introduction to Human Geography
Chapter 1
Introduction to Human Geography

2. A. Awakening to Hunger
1/6 of the world is malnourished they have food but not the right balance (women and children)
Food issues from poverty, poor food distribution, and male dominance
Lots of land does not = lots of food (Bangladesh v. Norway example)

3. What is Human Geography
Mcdonalds in South Africa
Constant interaction with the whole world
Fear it will create a conforming world
Study of people and places and how things in society interact
Globalization idea that culture traits are not restricted by country boundaries

4. What are geographic questions?
Geography is the why of where …why things happen in certain locations
Spatial- where things occur in places
Spatial distribution- seeing how things are laid out across space and why they have certain patterns

5. Medical geography- maps how diseases spread and can learn how to treat them
Cholera pandemic in Europe 1800s cured by geography and maps
Pandemic- worldwide disease
Epidemic regional disease

6. Spatial perspective- seeing how geography varies based on where you are located

7. Themes of Geography Location- position of people and things
Absolute location exact longitude & latitude
Relative location things positioned around you
Location Theory- the explanation on the logic of why things are placed in their location (star bucks all over NYC)
Region- An area defined by a shared characteristic (Latin America…Spanish)

8. Themes of Geography
Place- space distinguished by both human and physical features (Orlando has orange groves and Disney)
Movement- How goods and ideas move in and out of an environment

9. Landscape Physical landscape- natural landscape
Cultural landscape- imprint a culture is making on the land (buildings, theme parks)
Sequent occupance- cultural imprints that last WAY after the culture is gone (Egyptian pyramids)

10. Why do geographers use maps?
Cartography- art of making maps
Reference maps show location of features (mountains rivers, country boundaries
Thematic maps show “stories” like how many people have HIV in Africa

11. Mental maps-ideas we carry in our head of how things look
Activity space- area that you travel each day
Home school mcdonalds band practice chicfil a home

12. Remote sensing- satellite information
GIS- computer that stores “layers” of information that can tell you multiple things at once (a city's population and racial breakdown)

13. Scale- how large or small of an area the map covers
Large scale- map covers a small area in great (LARGE) details
Small scale- map covers a large area in SMALL details
Jumping scale (rescale) when a local issue becomes a global issue (swine flu)

14. Regions
Formal- area where everyone shares a distinct characteristic (language)
Functional- area shares a practical function, all receive the Orlando Sentinel
Perceptual- how you think of a region (your stereotype in your head)
Wilbur Zelinsky created 12 US perceptual regions based on phone book research of culture traits

15. Functional region
A fun visualization about the geography of sports fans, specifically where can you get a radio signal for games for the Red Sox or Yankees games.  

16. Culture
Culture trait- single unit within a culture (language) not biologically passed but learned
Culture complex- all culture traits combined together to make up a unique culture
Culture hearth- source of a civilization

17. Cultural diffusion- how ideas spread from one culture to another
Time-distance decay further away a place is the less likely a culture trait will diffuse
Cultural barriers prevent diffusion of a trait (no beef in Hindu countries)

18. Expansion diffusion- trait remains strong while spreading to other areas
Contagious- all areas near the central area are affected by the idea first (like spreading of a disease)
Hierarchical- spreads to only a select few in an area and then slowly to others (Fax machine)
Stimulus- idea indirectly promotes local version of the trait (veggie burger)

19. Relocation Diffusion- when a person carries the trait to a new area
Acculturation- one less dominant culture adopts the practices and ideas of a more dominant culture
Assimilation- one culture becomes dominant over another and they become one

20. Geographic concepts
Environmental determinism- human behavior is controlled by the physical environment (hurricanes)
Possiblism- the environment may limit actions but people can make adjustments
(raincoats)