1. Ancient Bantu Africa

2. Standard and Element (Please write these in your notebooks)
SSWH1 Analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of societies in the ancient world from 3500 BCE/BC to 500 BCE/BC.
d.Identify the Bantu migration patterns and contribution to settled agriculture.

3. Essential Questions (Answer in your notebooks, please)
What is the significance of the Bantu migrations?
How did they impact sub-Saharan Africa?

4. Beginning around 1500 B.C.E., farmers in Niger and Benue River valleys in West Africa began migrating south and east, bringing with them their languages and their knowledge of agriculture and metallurgy.

5. This migration, referred to as the Bantu migrations, continued over the course of the next 2,000 years.

6. Bantu speakers gradually moved into areas formerly occupied by nomads, some of whom simply moved on….

7. …and some of whom adopted the more sedentary culture of the Bantu.

8. It is generally believed that the migration was spurred by climatic changes, which made the area now know as the Sahara Desert too dry to live in.

9. People moved south out of the Sahara into the Bantu’s homeland, which in turn caused them to move to the forests of Central Africa, then eventually beyond the forests to the east and south.

10. However, not all Bantu-speakers moved away
However, not all Bantu-speakers moved away. Further north in the upper Niger River valley can be found the remains of Jenne-Jeno, believed to be the first city in sub-Saharan Africa.

11. Beginning as a small fishing settlement around 250 B. C. E
Beginning as a small fishing settlement around 250 B.C.E. and reaching urban size in 400 C.E…

12. … Jenne-Juno is unusual because although it reached urban density, its architecture suggests that it was not a hierarchically organized society.

13. Instead, archeologists believe that it was a unique form of urbanism comprising a collection of individual communities.

14. Once again, not all human societies have always followed the same path toward civilization, and that urbanization does not necessarily mean centralization.

15. Summary
The Bantu migrations were closely related to agriculture and iron-working in a continuous reciprocal process
Developing agriculture expanded Bantu populations
iron tools and weapons provided the means to acquire new lands
the resulting migrations spread both technologies through the whole sub-Sahara region