DIVERSITY MATTERS
Alicia Díaz
CLASSIFICATION MATTERS
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE HOMOGENEOUS (SOLUTIONS) HETEROGENEOUS (SUSPENSIONS, COLLOIDS, ETC.) COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS
PURE SUBSTANCE Element: Substance formed by only one type of atom. A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure Element: Substance formed by only one type of atom. For example: gold (Au), silver (Ag), carbon (C), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) Alicia Díaz
PURE SUBSTANCE A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure Simple substances Equal molecules with only one type of atom Alicia Díaz
PURE SUBSTANCE A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure Compounds: A substance that contains two or more elements, the atoms of these elements always combining in the same whole-number ratio. For example: water, carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate, carbon monoxide Alicia Díaz
A material with two or more substances MIXTURE A material with two or more substances Homogeneous: It has the same properties at all its points and have only one phase. We can call this type of mixture, dissolution or solutions. Heterogeneous: It has not the same properties at all their points and are made up of more than one phase
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS 1. COMPONENTS OF A SOLUTIONS 2. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS 2.1. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION 2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE 2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION 3. WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/solutions/character.html
COMPONENTS OF SOLUTIONS SOLUTE: is the component of the mixture that has the minor proportion SOLVENT: is the component of the mixture that has the major proportion
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS 2.1. ACCORDING TO ITS PHYSICAL STATE 2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE 2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION
ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION SOLUT SOLVENT SOLUTION EXAMPLE Gas GAS Air Liquid Moist air Solid airborne dust LIQUID Coca cola Water and alcohol Colacao milk SOLID Hydrogen in palladium Amalgams Alloys
ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE CONCENTRATED: Large amounts of solute DILUTED: small amounts of solute
DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION SATURATED: It has the maximum amount of solute that the solvent can dissolve at a given temperature UNSATURATED: It has the least amount of solute than the solvent can dissolve at a given temperature SUPERSATURATED: It has more solute than the solvent is capable of dissolving at a given temperature
WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION Percent by mass Percent by volume Grams per liter
SOLUBILITY
SOLUBILITY The solubility of a solute is the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a specified temperature. The main factors that have an effect on solubility are:
SEPARATION OF MATTERS
SEPARATION OF MIXTURES Separation of solids Of different sizes SIEVE Of different magnetic properties MAGNETIC SEPARATION Of different solubility in different solvents EXTRACTION Separation of solids and liquids Soluble solid EVAPORATION CRYSTALLIZATION Insoluble solid FILTRATION CENTRIFUGE Separation of liquids Miscible DISTILLATION CHROMATOGRAPHY Immiscibles DECANTING Alicia Díaz
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