Repetition within Sentences Grammar 2 Repetition within Sentences

Consider repetition as parallelism Such repetition of words, phrases, or clauses can occur not only in the beginning of a sentence (anaphora), but can also occur in the middle and end of a sentence to create a different effect.

*Memory Hint: from Greek ana “again” and diploun “to double” Anadiplosis The repetition of the last word (or phrase) from the previous line, clause, or sentence at the beginning of the next. *Memory Hint: from Greek ana “again” and diploun “to double” Examples: The love of wicked men converts to fear, That fear to hate, and hate turns one or both To worthy danger and deserved death. —Shakespeare, Richard II 5.1.66-68 The following shows anadiplosis of a phrase: ...a man could stand and see the whole wide reach Of blue Atlantic. But he stayed ashore. He stayed ashore and plowed, and drilled his rows...                                      — Charles Bruce, “Biography”

Epistrophe Ending a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words. Examples   What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny compared to what lies within us." —Emerson Hourly joys be still upon you! Juno sings her blessings on you. [. . .] Scarcity and want shall shun you, Ceres' blessing so is on you. — Shakespeare, The Tempest (4.1.108-109; 116-17) We are born to sorrow, pass our time in sorrow, end our days in sorrow.

Chiasmus Repetition of ideas in inverted order Repetition of grammatical structures in inverted order (not to be mistaken with antimetabole, in which identical words are repeated and inverted). *Memory hint: from Greek "a diagonal arrangement" Examples  One should eat to live, not live to eat. – Cicero *sometimes interchangeable with antimetabole It is boring to eat; to sleep is fulfilling

Epanalepsis Repetition of the same word or clause after intervening matter. More strictly, repetition at the end of a line, phrase, or clause of the word or words that occurred at the beginning of the same line, phrase, or clause. *Memory Hint: from Gk. ep, "in addition," ana, "again,"and lepsis, "a taking" Examples   "In times like these, it is helpful to remember that there have always been times like these. " —Paul Harvey "Believe not all you can hear, tell not all you believe." —Native American proverb "A lie begets a lie." —English proverb "To each the boulders that have fallen to each." —Robert Frost, "Mending Wall"

What are the rhetorical effects? * Repetition is a major rhetorical strategy for producing emphasis, clarity, amplification, or emotional effect. *More specifically: *Epistrophe: The speaker’s words have rhythm and cadence. * Anadiplosis: often builds in intensity to a climax. *Chiasmus & epanalepsis: achieve a sense of balance in a sentence.