1. Syntax Notes!! Syntax= Sentence structure (for paragraphs too)

2. Types of sentences (5) Declarative- makes statements
Imperative- makes commands. Sometimes contains the understood (you). Ex. Make the bed.
Exclamatory- communicates strong emotion or surprise
Interrogative- Asks questions
Conditional- Expresses wishes (if… then)
Ex.- If we legalize drugs, there will be more crime, child abuse, etc.

3. Loose
Expresses the main thought near the beginning and is followed by explanatory material
Examples in packet.

4. Periodic
Postpones the most crucial point until the end (often build suspense or adds surprise)
Examples in packet.

5. Interrupted
Structure in which subordinate elements come in the middle and are often set off by dashes
Ex: The teacher-- what could she have been thinking-- gave all the students A’s on the exam.

6. Parallel (noun- parallelism)
When there is a series of coordinated elements, all which have the same form and grammatical function
(Isocolon- when parallel elements are similar not only in structure but also in length-- sometimes even to the same # of words or even syllables)
Examples in packet

7. Balanced
One in which two parallel elements are set off against each other like equal weights on a scale.
Examples in packet.

8. Antithesis Balanced parallelism that sets up an opposition of ideas.
Example: It was the best of times; it was the worst of times.

9. Anaphora
A type of parallelism that uses the same word or phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses
Example: “Let us march to the realization of the American dream. Let us march on segregated housing. Let us march on segregated schools.” MLK

10. Other types of parallelism
Epistrophe
Anadiplosis
Epanalepsis
Antimetabole
Chiasmus
Polypton
(Be grateful you do not have to memorize these!)

11. Asyndeton- deliberate omission of conjunctions
Example: I came, I saw, I conquered.
Polysyndeton- deliberate insertion of extra conjunctions
Example: He drove, and drove, and drove, and ate, and drove some more.