Earth and Space Science Shaping Earth’s Surface/ Weathering and Erosion

weathering 1. The process that breaks down rock into small pieces is called __________________.

physical weathering 2. __________________ _______________ is caused by pushing, pulling, rubbing, or temperature changes in rock.

chemical weathering 3. __________________ _______________ occurs when chemicals break down rocks.

Acid rain 4. _________ ____________ forms when gases from factories enter the air and combine with rain drops. This can wear away stone and metals or change the color of some statues.

Erosion, moved gravity, glaciers, running water 5. _______________ is the process through which weathered rock is ____________ from one place to another. Land can be eroded by ____________, ____________, ________ _____, waves or wind.

Landslide, gravity 6. When rock and soil on a slope become loose, gravity can move them downhill in a ___________________. Landslides can often happen after an earthquake or volcanic eruption because rocks and soil are loosened up and __________ can pull them downward.

glacier 7. A large mass of flowing ice, called a _____________________, can erode the rock and soil beneath it.

deposition 8. The process of ________________ picks up eroded material and leaves it in a different place. The running water of rivers erodes rock and soil and washes it downstream.

meanders 9. Slow-moving rivers can flow in gentle loops called ____________.

sediment 10. Particles of soil and rock that are carried along in water are called ____________________.

Waves , arch 11. ___________ often either hit beaches at an angle or curve as they move into shallower water. As the waves continue to erode the sides, an ____________ forms.

sandbar 12. When waves wash sand off beaches, the sand may be deposited in the water rather than back on the beach. Over time, enough sand may be deposited in the water that a strip of land called a ______________ forms.

floodplain 13. During floods, rivers deposit sediment on _______________ along their banks.

barrier islands 14. Deposits of sand along the shore can form _______________ _____________ that protect the beaches behind them from storm surge.

dunes 15. Wind deposits sand along the shoreline in hills of sand called ______________.

levees 16. People build walls called ____________ along rivers to prevent flooding.

barricades 17. To slow erosion _________________ can be built in the water along the beach.

Fences and grass 18. ______________ and _______________ protect dunes by preventing sand from blowing away.

Critical Thinking Ice causes cracks in sidewalk. WEATHERING BOTH EROSION   Ice causes cracks in sidewalk. Caused by wind and rain. Waves move sand on beach. Stones change color or shape. Changes Earth’s surface.