Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC Physical Changes How can a change in energy affect the state of matter? What happens when something dissolves? What is meant by conservation of mass? Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC

1. Which term describes matter that can vary in composition? A. atom B. element C. mixture D. substance Lesson 1 – LR1

2. What is the combination of symbols and numbers that represent a compound? A. atomic number B. chemical formula C. mixture D. substance Lesson 1 – LR2

B. heterogeneous mixture C. chemical formula D. compound 3. Which term refers to a type of substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together? A. homogeneous mixture B. heterogeneous mixture C. chemical formula D. compound Lesson 1 – LR3

A. size-dependent properties B. size-independent properties 4. Which term refers to properties that are the same for both small samples and large samples? A. size-dependent properties B. size-independent properties C. physical properties D. density Lesson 2 – LR1

5. Which is the ability of one substance to dissolve in water? A. solubility B. mass C. density D. boiling point Lesson 2 – LR2

6. Which refers to the amount of space something takes up? A. density B. mass C. physical property D. volume Lesson 2 – LR3

Conservation of Mass Measure the mass of the empty cup. Round to the ones place Measure the mass of the empty cup. Record observations of mixture Record observations of solid 2. Add mixture 1 into the cup and mass. Subtract the mass of the cup, record mass of mixture. Add mixture 1 to the cup and solid . Measure mass of solid using filter paper and record. Add solid to cup with mixture and mass again 12 x 3= 36 12-sand, salt, iron mix; 12-zinc Lesson 3-2

Conservation of Mass 1. Conservation of mass refers to the fact that the total mass before and after a physical change is the same. Lesson 3-2

Physical Changes 2. A physical change: is a change in size, shape, form, or state of matter, dissolving, is not a change where the matter becomes something different. Lesson 3-1

3. Separating a mixture can be done by physical changes. Screen Magnetism Water Filter Boiling Point

Physical Changes –Changing States of matter 4. When thermal energy is added to a solid, the particles in the solid move faster and the temperature increases. When the particles are moving too fast for attractive forces to hold them tightly together, the solid reaches its melting point. When the particles in a liquid are moving so fast that attractive forces cannot hold them close together, the liquid reaches its boiling point. BOIL Lesson 3-1

Physical Changes (cont.) 5. Sublimation occurs when a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid. Lesson 3-1

Physical Changes (cont.) 6.Deposition is the change from a gas directly to a solid. Lesson 3-1

8.Temperature stays the same during a change of state. 7.Temperature increases when the state of the material is not changing. 8.Temperature stays the same during a change of state. Lesson 3-1

Physical Changes (cont.) 9.Explain condensation in terms of thermal energy and states of matter. 10. Explain freezing in terms of thermal energy and states of matter. Lesson 3-1

Lesson 4 Reading Guide - KC Chemical Properties and Changes What is a chemical property? What are some signs of chemical change? Why are chemical equations useful? What are some factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions? Lesson 4 Reading Guide - KC

Chemical Properties A chemical property can only be observed as it changes to a different type of matter. include ability to burn, acidity, and ability to rust. Lesson 4-1

Chemical Changes A chemical change is a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with new physical and chemical properties. Results in a different substance no longer have the same properties because they no longer have the same identity. Lesson 4-3

Signs of Chemical Change Signs of chemical changes: formation of bubbles or a change in odor, color, or energy. WARNING! These signs do not always mean a chemical change occurred. The proof of a chemical change is the formation of a new substance. Lesson 4-4

Explaining Chemical Reactions Chemical changes = chemical reactions. A chemical reaction can be written as a chemical equation. Lesson 4-5

Explaining Chemical Reactions (cont.) Chemical formulas and other symbols are parts of a chemical equation. Lesson 4-5

Explaining Chemical Reactions (cont.) In a chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element before a reaction must equal the number of atoms of each element after the reaction. This is called a balanced chemical equation, and it illustrates the conservation of mass. Lesson 4-5

Lesson 4-5

Lesson 4-5

The Rate of Chemical Reactions Different factors affects reaction rates including: increasing the temperature, concentration (the amount of substance in a certain volume) and surface area (if at least one reactant is a solid.) Lesson 4-6

The Rate of Chemical Reactions (cont.) Concentration is the amount of substance in a certain volume. A reaction occurs faster if the concentration of at least one reactant increases. Surface area also affects reaction rate if at least one reactant is a solid. Lesson 4-6

Which term describes what occurs when a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid? A. sublimation B. dissolving C. deposition D. condensation Lesson 3 – LR1

When thermal energy is added to a solid, what happens to the particles in the solid? A. They move faster. B. They move slower. C. They stop moving. D. Nothing happens. Lesson 3 – LR2

Conservation of mass means that the total mass before and after a physical change is which of these? A. different B. greater C. smaller D. the same Lesson 3 – LR3

5. Heating a material decreases the energy of its particles. Do you agree or disagree? 5. Heating a material decreases the energy of its particles. 6. When you stir sugar into water, the sugar and water evenly mix. Lesson 3 - Now

Lesson 4 Reading Guide - Vocab Chemical Properties and Changes chemical property chemical change concentration Lesson 4 Reading Guide - Vocab

A chemical property is observed only as a material undergoes chemical change and changes identity. Signs of possible chemical change include bubbles, energy change, and change in odor or color. Chemical equations show the reactants and products of a chemical reaction and that mass is conserved. Lesson 4 - VS

Which term refers to a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with new physical and chemical properties? A. chemical change B. chemical equation C. chemical formula D. physical change Lesson 4 – LR1

B. same number of compounds C. same number of molecules What must a balanced chemical equation have on both sides of the equation? A. same number of atoms B. same number of compounds C. same number of molecules D. same number of reactants Lesson 4 – LR2

Which is a chemical change? A. Paper is shredded. B. Liquid wax turns solid. C. A raw egg is broken. D. A wood log is burning. Lesson 4 – LR3

7. When wood burns, new materials form. Do you agree or disagree? 7. When wood burns, new materials form. 8. Temperature can affect the rate at which chemical changes occur. Lesson 4 - Now

Interactive Concept Map Chapter Review Standardized Test Practice Key Concept Summary Interactive Concept Map Chapter Review Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Menu

B. heterogeneous mixture C. compound D. solution Which term describes a type of mixture in which the individual substances are not evenly mixed? A. homogeneous mixture B. heterogeneous mixture C. compound D. solution Chapter Review – MC1

Which is a small particle that is a building block of matter? A. atom B. compound C. element D. substance Chapter Review – MC2

Which term refers to the amount of matter in an object? A. volume B. solubility C. mass D. density Chapter Review – MC3

What happens when thermal energy is added to a solid? A. The particles move faster and the temperature increases. B. The particles move slower and the temperature increases. C. The particles move faster and the temperature decreases. D. The particles move slower and the temperature decreases. Chapter Review – MC4

Which term describes a characteristic of matter that can be observed as it changes to a different type of matter? A. chemical change B. chemical property C. physical change D. physical property Chapter Review – MC5

B. heterogeneous mixture C. compound D. matter Which term refers to a type of mixture in which the individual substances are evenly mixed? A. homogeneous mixture B. heterogeneous mixture C. compound D. matter Chapter Review – STP1

Which term describes a substance that consists of just one type of atom? A. compound B. element C. matter D. mixture Chapter Review – STP2

States of matter include solid, liquid, and which of these? A. particles B. mass C. density D. gas Chapter Review – STP3

Which term refers to the change from a gas directly to a solid? A. condensation B. deposition C. dissolving D. sublimation Chapter Review – STP4

Which refers to the amount of substance in a certain volume? A. mass B. concentration C. chemical equation D. surface area Chapter Review – STP5