Optical links in the 25ns test beam 1/15/2019 Optical links in the 25ns test beam Karl Gill CERN Acknowledgements: O-link and MIC teams Intro myself background - CMS, o-links, rad-effects Objectives In 2 hours, aim to describe and explain the most important damage effects: for broad range of optoelectonics devices with as much reference as possible to LHC applications and related R&D

CMS Tracker readout and control links Final system Analogue Readout 50000 links @ 40MS/s FED Detector Hybrid Tx Hybrid 96 Rx Hybrid processing MUX A APV 4 buffering 2:1 D DAQ amplifiers 12 12 pipelines C 128:1 MUX Timing PLL Delay DCU TTCRx TTC Digital Control 2000 links @40MHz FEC Control 4 64 TTCRx CCU CCU 8 processing buffering CCU CCU Front-End Back-End K. Gill

X5 system test setup In the beam area: 4 modules, each including: Si detector 4 APV6 chips CCU card TRI card analogue optical link timing/control ring digital links to/from control ring K. Gill

X5 analogue o-links - transmitter 1/15/2019 X5 analogue o-links - transmitter 4-channel laser package 4-channel analogue laser driver chip 4-ch transmitter daughter card broad scope! Large variety of applications with large number of components ref - LEB, other pubs by CERN related groups - NSREC, RADECS, SPIE Start with LHC links since bulk of components 4-way laser package K. Gill

X5 analogue o-links - fibre 1/15/2019 X5 analogue o-links - fibre single mode optical fibre: 4-way ribbon pigtails at Tx, Rx 12-way fibres ribbons with 12 way MT connectors using only the 4 central fibres 96 fibre cable 8x12 ribbons broad scope! Large variety of applications with large number of components ref - LEB, other pubs by CERN related groups - NSREC, RADECS, SPIE Start with LHC links since bulk of components 96-way cable and 12-way optical ribbon and MT-connector K. Gill

X5 analogue Links - receiver 1/15/2019 X5 analogue Links - receiver 4-way receiver daughter-board Receiver side: optical ribbon connectors 4x 4-way receiver card jumper cables to FED input broad scope! Large variety of applications with large number of components ref - LEB, other pubs by CERN related groups - NSREC, RADECS, SPIE Start with LHC links since bulk of components K. Gill

X5 digital links 2 x 2-way transmitter and receiver 1/15/2019 X5 digital links 2 x 2-way transmitter and receiver one unit located next to FEC, another inside beam area broad scope! Large variety of applications with large number of components ref - LEB, other pubs by CERN related groups - NSREC, RADECS, SPIE Start with LHC links since bulk of components K. Gill

CMS Tracker readout and control links Final system Analogue Readout 50000 links @ 40MS/s FED Detector Hybrid Tx Hybrid 96 Rx Hybrid processing MUX A APV 4 buffering 2:1 D DAQ amplifiers 12 12 pipelines C 128:1 MUX Timing PLL Delay DCU TTCRx TTC Digital Control 2000 links @40MHz FEC Control 4 64 TTCRx CCU CCU 8 processing buffering CCU CCU Front-End Back-End K. Gill

Analogue readout chain (without optical link) 1/15/2019 Analogue readout chain (without optical link) TRI-card to FED (e.g. with copper link) from APV APV output 50mA per MIP 120mV into FED per MIP (for link gain = 1) +/- 750mV FED input range equivalent to 12.5MIP Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project K. Gill

Analogue optical link fibre/connectors laser photodiode receiver 1/15/2019 Analogue optical link Each component contributes a gain factor: fibre/connectors laser photodiode receiver laser driver Expect spread of optical link gain (2.5-4.0 overall): losses at optical connections variation of laser, receiver efficiency Will have programmable gain compensation in final links Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project K. Gill

Nominal Optical vs Cu link gain 1/15/2019 Nominal Optical vs Cu link gain Vin at FED (mV) Go-link =2.5-4.0 1500 GCu-link=1 1000 500 2 4 6 8 10 12 Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project signal (MIPs) Limited dynamic range (~4MIPs) for nominal o-link gain Note, in final system Go-link will be ~1 K. Gill

1/15/2019 Link gain attenuation Potential divider added to attenuate input to link Different values of R tried in X5 R=27W (A=21%), 91W (A=48%), 200W (A=66%) test effect of spread in gain on system noise penalty with large gain in optical link Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project K. Gill

Full chain Schematic of full analogue readout chain link integration: 1/15/2019 Full chain Schematic of full analogue readout chain current offset attenuation laser dc bias Receiver output offset link integration: connection then setting of gains and offsets setup/calibration should be made automatic in future 16 (+4) readout channels instrumented in total Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project K. Gill

Gain + offset settings from TRI to FED 1/15/2019 Gain + offset settings from TRI to FED e.g. for R=91W adjustable TRI dc baseline Tick 210mV -600 -300 +300 +600 Vout (TRI) Tick 105mV X 0.50 (adjustable divider, R=91W ) Vin (O-link) -400 +400 adjustable laser dc bias-point X 3.0 (link-average) Vout (O-link) -1200 +1200 Tick 315mV Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project Vin (FED) adjustable receiver output dc offset -750 +750 FED output 256 512 Tick 110 counts Offset + gain settings should be automated in future K. Gill

APV analogue biaspoint 1/15/2019 APV analogue biaspoint Vin FED (mV) 1500 overall ± n MIPs dynamic range digital header + pipeline addr. 1000 VADJ 500 tick analogue data Time (a.u.) Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project Vadj at APVs set to correspond to 0V into FED 0V was ~256 ADC counts K. Gill

Measured gain: link + divider 1/15/2019 Measured gain: link + divider based on tick marks at TRI and receiver outputs No 3rd gain setting for CCU12, 14 Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project O-link gain remains fixed at ~3, series resistor values at input changed K. Gill

Lab measurement (gain) 1/15/2019 Lab measurement (gain) Analogue link transfer characteristics (Note - no attenuation at input) Many devices and technologies, Many materials, Have to limit the scope to devices/technologies relevent to LHC though may include examples from space/nuclear applications R&D. K. Gill

dynamic range measurements 1/15/2019 dynamic range measurements Dynamic range defined as number of MIPs in 512 ADC counts Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project Here, 1MIP assumed to be 50mA into TRI card this estimate close to spy channel Landau average K. Gill

System dynamic ranges tested 1/15/2019 System dynamic ranges tested <Go-link #1>=2.2 <Go-link #2>=1.6 Vin FED (mV) Nominal Go-link =2.5-4.0 1500 GCu-link=1 1000 <Go-link #3>=0.95 500 2 4 6 8 10 12 signal (MIPs) Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project dynamic ranges tested in X5: approximately ±2.5MIPs, ± 4MIPs, ± 6MIPs K. Gill

Optical link noise link contribution to noise in system measured 1/15/2019 Optical link noise link contribution to noise in system measured Preliminary result: assumes 1MIP = 50mA from APV = 120mV from TRI Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project link noise as expected (close to lab measurements of links alone) large noise value simply due to high link gain (G o-link~2.5-4.0) gains will be better matched in final system (G o-link=1) K. Gill

Effect of link gain on noise contribution 1/15/2019 Effect of link gain on noise contribution Larger gain gives proportionally more noise s(mV) Vout(V) High link gain compensated in X5 by adding potential divider R=200W Þ G~1 d. range ~ 12MIPs 3.0 6 Go-link =3 Go-link =3 4 2.0 Go-link=1 2 1.0 Go-link=1 Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project 500 1000 500 1000 Vin-link(mV) Vin-link(mV) In X5, we attenuated input signal to link to obtain large dynamic range However, link noise not attenuated ! (factor 2.5-4.0 greater than final system) K. Gill

Normalized link noise rms noise measured with scope at link output 1/15/2019 Normalized link noise rms noise measured with scope at link output Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project Normalization according to usual lab procedure rms divided by signal output for 800mV input amplitude results close to lab values Þ good link installation K. Gill

Lab measurement (noise) 1/15/2019 Lab measurement (noise) CCU10 CCU14 Many devices and technologies, Many materials, Have to limit the scope to devices/technologies relevent to LHC though may include examples from space/nuclear applications R&D. CCU12 CCU11 Analogue link noise (lab measurement, normalized to peak signal) K. Gill

Summary Successful integration of optical links in X5 1/15/2019 Summary Successful integration of optical links in X5 16 (+4) analogue optical links installed close to final components in most cases various readout chain gains tested (o-link gain ~3) from 5 to 12MIP dynamic range available 12MIP range similar to final system noise contribution 400-1200e for 5-12MIP range should be close to 500e in final system with 12MIP range 2x2 bi-directional digital 40MHz links integrated effect of bit-errors to be investigated in lab Brief overview of (I) optoelectronics technologies (found in LHC) (ii) the various radiation environments that we should consider the effects of Optoelectronics - sometimes called photonics - is defined as…. - definition - several free magazines on Photonics developments - Widespread applications also reflected in LHC project K. Gill

Lab measurement (linearity) 1/15/2019 Lab measurement (linearity) Analogue link linearity characteristics Many devices and technologies, Many materials, Have to limit the scope to devices/technologies relevent to LHC though may include examples from space/nuclear applications R&D. K. Gill