8.3 The Medieval Church Dominates life Monks and Nuns influence

The Medieval Church How did the Church dominate life in the Middle Ages? controlled not only spiritual but secular lives of people Secular: deals with worldly issues NOT religious issues

Rome Split in Two: Eastern Empire & Western Empire

Division of Christian Europe: Western = Roman Catholic Church Eastern = Christian Orthodox What do you notice?

Western vs. Eastern Churches Roman Catholic Pope: head of church used Latin language Clergy did NOT marry Use of icons Christmas main holy day Orthodox (Greek/ Eastern) Patriarch head of church Used Greek language Clergy CAN marry NO icons Easter main holy day

Organization of the Church

Authority of the Church “The only way to avoid the tortures of hell” is to follow…(p.196) Sacraments Canon law = Salvation (heaven) Or face … Excommunication Interdict = HELL

Medieval Monks and Nuns What purpose did they serve in society? prayer, worship tended to sick charity for poor set up schools Food, lodging Performed marriages Scribes for preserving ancient writings Writers and Scholars

Medieval Monk’s Day

Treatment of Jews in the Middle Ages What is Anti-Semitism? P.200

8.4 Economic Expansion & Change Agricultural Revolution Commercial Revolution

Agricultural Revolution New technologies Iron Plows Horse Harness Windmill Three Field System

New Technologies Iron Plow Horse harness instead of oxen harness

New Technologies Cont. Windmill: grinding flour

Three-field system: grains, legumes, left fallow

Consequences of the Agricultural Revolution Increased food production led to an increase in population. Population doubled between 1000-1300 CE.

The Need for Products The WEALTHY & growing population needed goods not available on the manor. Trade was mostly REGIONAL but some contact with Middle East, India, & China.

Products of Trade Imported: Spices, groceries, linen, silk Egyptian paper, pearls, perfumes Exported: precious metals in bars iron, wines, oil, and wax England exchanged wool

Medieval Guilds Organization of people with a common artisan Merchant & Craft Guilds represented workers in one occupation Weavers, bakers, brewers, sword makers, blacksmiths, goldsmiths

Role of Guilds Cooperated to protect their own interest. Regulated hours and prices Made rules to ensure quality of their product Passed laws and collected taxes to pave roads, build schools, maintain protective walls.

Revival of Trade Cities focus on trade, learning & culture Trade Fairs led to: Cities focus on trade, learning & culture communities & countries begin to trade again at a higher rate instead of self –sufficient ways of the Dark Ages

Commercial Revolution Increased use of money, credit and insurance. Lending “capital” spurred the growth of banking Undermined feudalism => Middle Class made up of merchants, traders and artisans,

Social Changes A New Hierarchy Merchants, traders and artisans become the new Middle Class. Peasants were still at the bottom. Nobles remained at the top.

Social Changes and the new Middle Class A New Hierarchy Merchants, traders and artisans become the new Middle Class. Peasants were still at the bottom. Nobles remained at the top.

City Life With population growth comes city life Sanitation issues -> Stinky Crowded Narrow Streets Tall buildings http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9_ZcR0KoK8

Description/Explanation Reason Description/Explanation Agricultural Revolution New technologies- iron plows, new harness for faster horses, windmills for grinding flower, feudal lords pushed peasants to clear more land, three-field system (one for grain, another for legumes, rest unplanted) Main Result: produced more food and the population increased Revival of Trade Wealthy wanted new products, growing population needed goods that were not available on the manor, Mostly regional trade, but their was some contact with Middle East, India, and China. Also had trade fairs, new towns emerged as centers for trade, learning, culture, etc. Commercial Revolution Capital- money for investment spurred the growth of banking houses, people started using currency. System of insurance of insurance developed, Europeans copied Middle East merchants, bill of exchange, the use of money undermined feudalism/serfdom, a new middle class emerged that included merchants, traders, and artisans. Guilds/Middle Class Guilds- associations that came to dominate life in medieval towns. Passed laws, levied taxes, and how to spend money (roads, walls, city hall) With the emergence of new middle class a specialization of occupation merged that allowed people to have various occupations. Usury/Jews New Technologies Iron plow, windmill, three-field system

Middle Ages Quiz Eastern Orthodox Church Middle Ages/Medieval Period Self-Sufficient Economy Secular Cannon Law Excommunicate Tithes Monks/Nuns Monasteries/Convents Anti-Semitism Agricultural Revolution New Technologies Revival of Trade Usury Guilds Capital/Banking Middle Class Middle Ages/Medieval Period “Dark Ages” Feudalism (hierarchy) Serfs Vassals Lords (greater/lesser) Fief Manor Knights Castles Chivalry Byzantine Empire Roman Catholic Church Pope