Ch.9 The Age of Jackson Section 2- Jackson’s Administration Sectional Differences Increase Jackson Attacks the Bank Panic of 1837 States’ Rights Debate Many Americans views of Jackson’s policies depended on where they lived Jackson opposed 2nd Bank of U.S. 2nd Bank had 20 yr charter as federal governments financial agent Jackson thought bank was unconstitutional McCulloch v. Maryland ruled bank constitutional Jackson weakened bank by moving most funds to state banks These banks loaned money at easy credit terms – this led to inflation Jackson did not run for president in 1836 Jackson supported his VP Martin Van Buren and he won Whig Party forms in 1834 but cannot defeat Van Buren After Van Buren took office a severe economic depression occurred Panic of 1837 was fault of Jackson’s economic policies but Van Buren got blamed Whigs stand with William Henry Harrison & defeat a weakened Van Buren in 1840 Jackson had to deal with the tariff issue Could a state disregard a law passed by Congress? Three Regions Emerge Tariff of Abominations The Hayne-Webster Debates Nullification Crisis Northern business demand tariff on foreign goods North- trade & manufacturing economy Haynes argued nullification was lawful protest of federal law VP Calhoun joined south in protest of tariff Jackson Responds South – farming & slave based economy John Quincy Adams signs Tariff of Abominations Calhoun argued state power greater than federal power Webster argued welfare of nation overrides individual states Jackson urges Congress to lower tariff- not enough for SC Jackson gets Force Bill, Clay makes a compromise. Crisis settled Tariff added fuel to growing sectional differences West – frontier economy just emerging Calhoun resigns as VP replaced by Martin Van Buren

Entry Task When we talk about state rights in today’s world… Who do you think should have the most power? The states or the central government? Why?

Andrew Jackson’s Presidency Good, Evil?

Sectional Differences Increase Many Americans views of Jackson’s policies depended on where they lived West- Emerging Economy Support for internal improvements and the sale of public lands South- Opposed Tariffs Agriculture based economy North- Supported Tariffs Manufacturing based economy Cotton Plantation South Boston Wharf North Frontier West

Tariff of Abomination Adams passed the Tariff before he left office High tariff on imports Angry Southerners gave it that name Jackson had to deal with the tariff issue Could a state disregard a law passed by Congress?

Issue of States’ rights John Calhoun argued that since States founded the national government , they should have more power Nullification Crisis- did states have the power to nullify laws they deemed unconstitutional? Example: Gun Control South Carolina’s response foreshadows the Civil War

Jackson opposed 2nd Bank of U.S 2nd Bank had 20 yr charter as federal governments financial agent Jackson thought bank was unconstitutional McCulloch v. Maryland ruled bank constitutional Jackson weakened bank by moving most funds to state banks These banks loaned money at easy credit terms – this led to inflation

Whig Party Created just to opposed Andrew Jackson Favored a strong Congress and a weak President Opposed the “monarchy” that Jackson had created.

The Panic of 1837 A severe economic depression Led to settlers seeking a better life Blamed on Van Buren, though it was Jackson’s fault Banking policies and failed plan for inflation led to panic.