Adv. Chemistry Chapter 1 Mrs. Baker Matter and Change Adv. Chemistry Chapter 1 Mrs. Baker

What is chemistry? Chemistry is the study of matter. text: “Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes” Chemistry is really a lot more exciting than the text definition!!

General fields of study Theoretical chemistry Use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind chemical behavior and to design and predict properties of new compounds Organic chemistry all substances containing carbon (from living things) Inorganic chemistry substances that don’t contain carbon (nonliving things)

Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Biochemistry concerned with finding the components and composition of substances Physical chemistry The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy Biochemistry the study of living organisms

Within all of the fields there are two different goals of science. Applied scientists work towards solving a problem. (AIDS research, etc..) Basic scientists seek more information for the sake of knowledge itself.

Scientific Method A logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data Quantitative and qualitative observations formulating hypotheses If, then statement testing hypotheses Controlled experiment (constants and variables) formulating theories that are supported by data

Usually the scientific method looks like this: (Identify the problem) Observations/Data Recording Hypothesis Controlled Experimentation (testing the hypothesis) Results and Conclusions Communication of results

All scientists use the scientific method to find answers. Observations Hypotheses Experiments Theory Experiments Observations Experiments Law

What’s the difference between theory and law? Scientific theories are thoroughly tested explanations of why experiments give certain results. Scientific laws are statements that summarize the results of a broad spectrum of observations and experiments.

How does this apply to me? We will be performing inquiry (open ended) experiments in class. You will have opportunities to design your own experiments. It is a big component of the Oregon performance based benchmarks.

The scientific method in action… Start with an observation. “I’ve heard people say to take vitamin C to prevent a cold.” State a problem or question. “Can vitamin C prevent colds in humans?” What are the possible answers to your question? “Vitamin C can prevent colds.” “Vitamin C can not prevent colds.”

Choose a logical response. Write hypothesis in “if, then” format. “Vitamin C cannot prevent colds in humans.” Write hypothesis in “if, then” format. “IF vitamin C has no effect in preventing colds, THEN when vitamin C is given to large numbers of people, just as many will catch colds as those not given vitamin C.”

If__(hypothesis)__, then __(action)__, ___(results)___. action = experimental design (with controlled variables) Perform experiment. Interpret results. Make conclusion and analysis.

The End - time to practice