Introduction to Invertebrates Kingdom Animalia Introduction to Invertebrates

What is an Animal 1. All living things are made of cells! Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things Animal cells are all circular (round)

What is an Animal 2. Animals have 4 main functions that have evolved over time to let them survive. Obtain Food and Oxygen Movement Functions of Animals Homeostasis Reproduction

Homeostasis Homeostasis is the ability to maintain stable internal environments within their bodies Lizards crawl to shady area to cool off Earthworms stay in moist cool soil on hot days We shiver when we get cold

What is an Animal 3. Biologists classify animals so that they are easier to study It lets us see how they have evolved and changed over time

What is an Animal 4. Biologists have classified animals into about 35 major groups, each called a phylum.

What is an Animal 5. Animals are classified by how they are related to each other.

What is an Animal 6. These relationships are determined by… Animal’s body structure Way animal develops It’s DNA

7. What is an Animal Vertebrates: Have a backbone More complex Invertebrates Do NOT have a backbone Less complex

What is an Animal 8. In the tree of evolution, which are more closely related to echinoderms, fish or reptiles?

The closer they are, the more they have in common! The farther apart they are, the less they have in common! Echinoderms are more closely related to fish!

What is an Animal 9. All animals share three characteristics: Heterotroph Multicellular Symmetry

What is an Animal Heterotroph: Do NOT have the ability to make their own food Must ingest it!

What is an Animal Multicellular: Made up of many cells So large you do not need a microscope to see them!

What is an Animal Symmetry: Balanced arrangement of parts Radial Bilateral

Radial Bilateral Heterotrophs Symmetry Multicellular Most have this type of symmetry Tend to me larger and more complex More quick and efficient Ex: You, tigers, insects and dogs External body parts equally spaces around a central point Circular arrangement Ex: Sea stars, jelly fish and sea urchins Heterotrophs Symmetry Multicellular

Bilateral Symmetry

What are Sponges and Cnidarians? Sponges & Cnidarians What are Sponges and Cnidarians?

Sponges 12. Sponges are: Invertebrates Usually no body symmetry No tissues or organs (simple) 13. Sponges belong to the phylum Porifera which means “having pores”.

Sponges 15. Sponges obtain food and oxygen by filtering water through their collar cells.

Sponges 16. Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually. Budding = asexual reproduction (buds form on the side of sponge and break off to form new sponge.

Budding

Cnidarians 18. Cnidarians are animals that have stinging cell that they use to capture food and defend themselves. Example: Sea anemone and jellyfish

Cnidarians 19. Cnidarians have two different body plans:

Cnidarians 20. Cnidarians obtain food by using stinging cells to catch the animals they eat then uses the tentacles to pull the food into its mouth.

Cnidarians 21. Cnidarians move by… Muscle like tissue to move in different ways Swim Stretch out and shrink

Worms

Worms 28. Biologists classify worms into three major phyla: A. Flatworms B. Roundworms C. Segmented Worms

Worms 29. All worms have two main body structures: A. Bilateral Symmetry B. Tissues, organs and body systems

Worm Detection 30. Worms have their brain and sense organs located in their head region Allows for quick detection of objects, food, mates and predators.

Worm Reproduction 31. Most worms are hermaphrodites (male and female sex organs). Asexual Reproducers (break into smaller pieces and re-grow) Sexual Reproducers (still exchange genetic material)

FLATWORMS 32. All flatworms: A. Flat B. Soft as Jelly

FLATWORMS 33. Planarians: Free-living flatworms (Does not live in or on other organisms) 34. Scavengers: Feed on dead and decaying materials Feed like a vacuum cleaner

FLATWORMS 35. Parasites vs. Free-Living Parasite must live in or on another organism Free-living do NOT!

FLATWORMS 36. Other example: Tapeworms (parasite)

ROUND WORMS 37. Living space: Just about anywhere in a moist environment Forest soil, Antarctic sands, and pools of super-hot water

ROUND WORMS 38. Round worms have digestive systems that are like a tube Open at both ends

SEGMENTED WORMS 39. All segmented worms have bodies made up of many linked sections called segments. Example: Earthworm

SEGMENTED WORMS 40. Organs are repeated in most segments Example: Each segment has tube to remove waste and reproductive organs only found in some segments

Internal Anatomy Of Earthworm

SEGMENTED WORMS 41. Segmented worms have closed circulatory systems. Blood moves only within connected tubes called blood vessels Moves blood more quickly

SEGMENTED WORMS 42. Earthworms must stay moist because it’s how they breathe! Obtain oxygen through moisture on their skin