Aim Review of Reproduction and development

Types of Animal Reproduction Asexual ( 1- parent-identical) Sexual (2-parents- leads to variety)

How do daughter cells compare in each processes? Mitosis produces cells which are identical Meiosis produce gametes which are genetically different Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

When does each occur? Asexual reproduction Tissue repair Growth Mitosis Meiosis Asexual reproduction Tissue repair Growth Production of sperm cells Production of egg cells (Crossover)

Cross-over (Sorting) Process during meiosis (sperm and egg formed) where genes on chromosomes begin to switch causing recombination of genes

Fertilization During Fertilization the gametes unite to form the zygote The zygote is also called the fertilized egg 23 + 23 46

Female Reproductive System 1. Gamete and hormone production occurs in the ovaries Fertilization occurs in the Fallopian tube Embryo develops in uterus 2. 3. 4. 5.

The Zygote 46 Cleavage Contains the full amount of chromosomes The zygote then divides by mitosis to form a multi-cellular organism Cleavage

Cleavage Zygote begins to divide quickly in the fallopian tube in a process called cleavage

Zygote migrates down to uterus The zygote then turns into an embryo It then implants into the lining of the uterus where it develops

The Placenta It is the embryos organ of Respiration Nutrition Excretion Diffusion is process molecules move

Environmental Factors that negatively affect the embryo Tobacco Alcohol Inadequate diet Drugs Infections (viruses)

The Zygote 46 Cleavage Contains the full amount of chromosomes The zygote then divides by mitosis to form a multi-cellular organism Cleavage

Early Development Cells form into different major organs. Structures such as the heart, brain, lungs and kidneys begin to form This process is called Differentiation

Embryo All major human organ systems are developed in the first three months of pregnancy

Embryonic growth Growth of the embryo occurs for the next six months of the pregnancy

Two female hormones What structure above produces hormones? A Estrogen- responsible for egg production and female characteristics such as mammary glands Progesterone- responsible for development of the uterus What structure above produces hormones? A

The menstrual cycle The menstrual controlled by the Ovaries and the pituitary gland

Testes Testes Male organ that produces: Sperm (meiosis) Testosterone (male reproductive hormone) Testes

Vas deferens (Tube) The tube that goes from the testes to the penis If you cut this tube the delivery of sperm will stop Sperm is still produced because the testes are not destroyed Vasectomy

Urethra The tube in the penis that is shared by both the excretory and reproductive system