1. Animal Reproduction Organization Homeostasis

2. Review of Meiosis Let’s review meiosis with our human homologous chromosomes activity!

3. How is meiosis different than mitosis? What did we learn from our starter activity?

4. Karyotyping Organizes autosomes and sex chromosomes. Can be used to look for chromosomal mutations and sex.

5. Nondisjunction Chromosomes fail to segregate properly during meiosis; leading to aneuploidy.

6. Sex chromosomes Presence of a Y chromosome causes formation of testis during development; this allows for male characteristics. XX – female XY – male

7. Meiosis in Sperm and Egg

8. Female Reproductive System Ovaries: Site of meiosis and egg production Fallopian Tubes: Site of fertilization Uterus: Site of embryonic develoment

9. Male Reproductive System Testis & epididymis: sperm production & storage Glands: add fluids to sperm so they can be motile Vas deferens: allows sperm to travel from testis to urethra Urethra: allows both sperm and urine to exit the body

10. Hormones Control Reproduction The brain initiates the production of gametes and sex hormones. LH & FSH interact with different targets: Male Target: Testis Female Target: Ovaries & Uterus

11. Targets in Males FSH: Activates meiosis in testis LH: Activates production of testosterone What impacts might taking testosterone steroids have on feedback?

12. Targets in Females Spike in LH & FSH Cause ovulation (release of egg from ovary) Cause drop in estrogen & rise in progesterone. How would taking progesterone impact the female reproductive cycle?

13. Fertilization How does the structure of an ovum prevent double fertilization?

14. Development Identify each stage of development. When does differentiation occur?

15. Differentiation What are the fates of cells in the endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm?

16. Embryonic development

17. Gene Regulation Genes must be turned on and off rapidly during embryonic development. What do transcription factors do to regulate protein synthesis? What does RNAi do to regulate protein synthesis?