The Periodic Table.

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The Periodic Table.

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Presentation transcript:

The Periodic Table

How the Periodic Table is organized In order of increasing atomic number. Can be broken down into Metals, non metals and metalloids Groups = columns Periods = rows

1A 8A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A Transition Metals Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

3 classes of elements Metals: Non- Metals: Metalloids: Most elements are metals Good conductors of heat, high luster, solids at room temperature (except Mercury) malleable Non- Metals: Most are gasses at room temp (bromine is liquid) Tend to have opposite properties of metals Metalloids: Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Can behave as either metal or nonmetal.

Breakdown of Metals, nonmetals and metalloids

Transition Metals- d block Most are good conductors of electricity and heat. They vary in their reactivity They form highly colored ions in solution.

Valence Electrons and Octet Rule Valence electrons - # of electrons in outer most shell. Octet Rule – All elements want to have 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns Group 1A- Alkali Metals Soft, silver grey metals, VERY reactive with water (explosive) Have 1 electron in outer valence shell Group 2A- Alkaline Earth Metals Less reactive than alkali metals. Have 2 e- in outer valence shell.

Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns Group 3A- React with halogens. 3 e- in outer shell Group 4A- All life are carbon based compounds- very important element! 4 e- in outer shell!

Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns Group 5A- Except Nitrogen gas, all elements are solids at room temperature 5 e- in valence shell. Group 6A- Oxygen reacts with most elements to form oxides. 6 e- in valence shell.

Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns Group 7A- Halogens Nonmetals, very reactive, do not exist in elemental form in nature. 7 e- in valence shell. Group 8A- Noble Gases Each gas has a characteristic color in a gas tube. 8 e- in valence shell.