1. Periodic Properties SPS4a Determine the trends of the following:
Number of valence electrons
Types of ions formed by representative elements
Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Phases at room temperature
Periodic Properties
SPS4b Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for the representative elements.

3. Groups
The group number is the number assigned to a vertical column on the periodic table.
Another name for group is a Family
There are 18 groups in the periodic table.
Groups 1, 2, 13 – 18 are representative

4. Periods
1. The period number is the number assigned to a horizontal row on the periodic table.
2. The number of protons increase from left to right across a period.
3. This number is the atomic number.
The period number indicates how many energy levels (rings) each atom has.

6. METALS shiny-luster solids (except Hg) malleable
ductile (stretch to wire)
conduct heat & electricity
most elements are metals

7. NONMETALS solids, liquids & gases luster-dull brittle poor conductors
upper-right hand corner (& H)

8. Metalliods
along stairstep line – between B & Al (Al is not a metalloid!)
classified as nonmetals but conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions
some metal & nonmetal properties

9. Periodic Family Names Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals (D- Block)
Nobl e gases
Halogens
(D- Block)
<---Transition Metals >
(F—block) < Inner transition >

10. Group 1 - Alkali Metals soft, shiny reacts violently with water
VERY reactive, one valence e- to lose;
cation

11. Alkali metals

12. Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals
2 valence e-; cation
reactive

13. http://www. youtube. com/watch

14. Transition Metals Groups 3-12 Ions change – changes properties
NOT REPRESENTATIVE!

15. Halogens
-Group 17
-1 ions, highly reactive
7 valence e-

16. Noble Gases Group 18 unreactive, 8 valence e-
exist as single atoms, inert

17. Phases of Elements
1. Liquids: You must know: Hg and Br
2. Gases: Don’t memorize, but you need to know their general location. Gases are towards the right side of the periodic table.
3. Solids: All metals, except Hg - mercury

18. Vocabulary to know
Valence electron: electrons in the outermost energy level (ring)
Cation: (+) charged ion
Anion: (-) charged ion

19. To get as close to an “octet” as possible
Why ions form...
To get as close to an “octet” as possible

20. Octet Rule
Atoms tend to share, gain or lose electrons to have a set of eight (8) electrons in their outer shell.

22. Metals Most elements are metals.
88 elements to the left of the stair step line are metals or metal like elements.

23. Metals
Shiny, silvery, solids

24. Mercury, Hg

25. Charged atom or group of atoms
Ions are ….
Charged atom or group of atoms

26. By loss or gain of electrons
Ions are formed….
By loss or gain of electrons

27. Positive ions
Cations

28. Negative ions
anions