1. Periodic Table Families
Characteristics

2. Hydrogen Unique – Can act as metal or nonmetal so family of its own
Gas
1 Valence Shell electron
Oxidation # is + / - 1

4. Alkali metals: Most reactive metal family on table
Not found as elements in nature – are always part of compounds
Solid
Silver
Shiny
Francium most metallic metal (most shiny, most silver)
Francium most reactive of all metals
Valence Shell electrons = 1
Oxidation Number = 1+ (give their outer most electron away)

6. Alkaline Earth metals:
Second most reactive metal group on table
Solid
Silver
Shiny
Not found as elements in nature – found as compounds
Valence Shell electrons = 2
Oxidation Number = 2+ (give their outer 2 electrons away)

7. Transition Metals

8. Transition metals (D- Block)
3rd most reactive metals on table
Most are Silver (some exceptions: gold, copper)
Shiny
Solid (all but one – Mercury is liquid at room temp)
Conductive – heat and electricity
Malleable – can hammer into a flat sheet
Ductile – can stretch into a thin wire
Valence shell electrons and oxidation number vary – no pattern

9. Post Transition Metals
(elements in green)

10. Post transition metals:
(triangle of metals (part of p block))
Al, Ga, In, Tl,Sn, Pb, Bi
Weakest group of metals
Weakest conductors
Least metallic – Furthest metals from Francium

11. Metalloids

12. Metalloids – elements on top and bottom of stair step line.
aluminum (Al) touches line but is part of the post transition metals.
B, Si, Ge,As, Sb,Te  ( sometimes Po and At)
mix of metal and nonmetal properties
Boron family has 3 valence electrons and an oxidation # =3

13. Other Non metals –
(white boxes)

14. Other nonmetals: C, N, P, O, S, Se Not shiny…they are dull
Not shiny…they are dull
Not silver…typically they have color
Not malleable or ductile - they are brittle
Not conductive
Carbon family valence shell electron = 4, oxidation # = + or – 4
Nitrogen family valence shell electrons = 5 oxidation # = -3
Oxygen family valence shell electrons = 6 oxidation # = -2

15. Halogens

16. Halogens: Contains all 3 states of matter: F, Cl are gases
Most reactive nonmetal family
Contains all 3 states of matter: F, Cl are gases
Br is liquid
I , At are solid
Most nonmetallic element is Fluorine
Most reactive nonmetal is Fluorine
Found as compounds in nature as they are very reactive
Halogen family valence shell electrons = 7 oxidation # = -1

17. Noble gases

18. Noble gases: All gases at room temp Very stable
Very Unreactive – found as elements in nature
Noble gas family valence shell electrons = oxidation # = 0
Exception
Helium only has 2 valence shell electrons oxidation # = 0

19. Inner Transition Metals

20. Inner Transition metals (F – Block)
4F = lanthanids (lanthanoids)
same properties as transition metals
one is manmade..symbol is only outlined on periodic table (Pm)
5F = actinids (actinoids)
many are manmade
all are radioactive