Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal Cell Plant Cell

Plant Cell

Different kinds of plant cells Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells

Animal Cell

Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria Both contain ribosomes Both contain golgi bodies Both contain rough and smooth ER

Differences between plant cells and animal cells Relatively smaller in size Relatively larger in size Irregular shape – no cell wall Regular shape – cell wall present No chloroplast Chloroplast for photosynthesis Small or no vacuole Large central vacuole

All about cells

Principles of Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell

Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea

Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes

Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Possess many organelles Protozoan

Cellular Respiration Occurs in the mitochondria to create energy for the cells Uses oxygen to break down sugar (glucose) All cells need oxygen and glucose The cells must then excrete (remove) carbon dioxide and water

Unicellular vs multicellular organisms

Did you know??? Both plants and animals can be made of one cell-or millions of cells like you. Single-celled (unicellular) organisms, however, tend to be different from those with many cells. Some single-celled creatures have a nucleus, and some do not. Some single-celled plants have chloroplasts, but not all have stiff cell walls. All single-celled organisms eat, get rid of wastes, and reproduce.

Single-Celled Organisms Made of only one cell Amoebas, Algae, Plankton, paramecium, bacteria You need a microscope to see single-celled organisms. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA&NR=1&feature=fvwp http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=fh_yjLppNAg&feature=endscreen

Multicellular Organisms Living things made up of more than one cell You are a multicellular organism. Can you think of any other multi-celled organisms?

Multicellular Organisms Have a higher degree of specialization Cells work together and function to create a living organism Example: a human – starts as a single cell. Then organize themselves into three groups called germ layers. One layer will form the skin and nerves, Another layer becomes the lining of the digestive tract. The third layer produces all other body parts.

Single-Celled BOTH Multi-Celled