1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
Which one does bacteria belong to?
Which term do the animal and plant cells fall in?

2. WARM-UP #8: Cell Theory Video http://www. youtube. com/watch
Who are the contributing scientists and what did they contribute for the Cell Theory?

3. CELLS

4. Cell Structure and Function I
Chapter 7-1, 7-2
Study Guide Pg

5. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells

6. Basic Structure of a Cell

7. Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms
Cells (can mostly) be observed under microscope
Basic forms of cells:Prokaryote and Eukaryote
Bacterial Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

8. Cell Exploration Light Microscopes Living organisms can be seen
Light limits the resolution so extremely small things like proteins and viruses cannot be observed

9. Cell Exploration High resolution video technology
Allows scientists to see time elapsed movies of cells as the grow, divide and develop.

10. Cell Exploration Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs)
Can see more detail and extremely small structures
Beams of electrons must pass through ultra-thin sliced samples therefore no living things can be seen

11. Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

12. Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Prokaryotes include bacteria that lack a nucleus or without membrane bound structures called organelles.
Eukaryotes include most other cells and have a nucleus that is membrane bound and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals).

13. Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall
Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

14. Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm with organelles

15. Two Main Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

16. Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope
Have specific functions
Found throughout cytoplasm

17. Organelles Found in Cells
Examples of Organelles include:
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals for movement
Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins
Nucleolus – makes ribosomes
Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes
Ribosomes – makes proteins

18. Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacs
Have a shipping side & a receiving side
Receive & modify proteins made by ER
Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends
Transport vesicle

19. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes
Break down food and worn out cell parts for cells
Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)

20. Nucleolus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleus
Disappears when cell divides
Makes ribosomes that make proteins

21. Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT

22. Cell Powerhouse Mitochondrion ( mitochondria ) Rod shape
Site of Cellular respiration

23. In Animal Cells: Mitochondria
Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria
Burn sugars to produce energy ATP

24. Cell or Plasma Membrane
Cell membrane
Living layer
Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Selectively permeable

25. Cytoplasm of a Cell Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place

26. Control Organelle Nucleus Controls the normal activities of the cell
Bounded by a nuclear membrane
Contains chromosomes

27. Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food)
Process called photosynthesis

28. Plant Cell
Cell wall
Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm)
Resist entry of excess water into the cell
Give shape to the cell

29. Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole Have a large central vacuole
Surrounded by tonoplast
Contains cell sap
Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments

30. Different kinds of plant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells

31. Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplast
vacuole
cytoplasm
No cell wall or chloroplast
Stores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy
nucleus
mitochondrion
cell membrane
glycogen granule

32. Animal Cell Organelles
Near the nucleus
Paired structures
Help cell divide

33. Different kinds of animal cells
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium

34. Similarities between plant cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria

35. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Relatively smaller in size
Relatively larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present

36. Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Vacuole small or absent
Large central vacuole
Glycogen as food storage
Starch as food storage
Nucleus at the center
Nucleus near cell wall

37. Compound Microscope Instrument for observing small objects
Magnify images up to 2000X their size

38. Different parts of a microscope

39. Revolving nosepiece
Eyepiece
Body tube
Objective
Coarse adjustment
Clip
Fine adjustment
Arm
Condenser
Stage
Iris diaphragm
Condenser control knob
Mirror
Base