1. Life and Living Things
Cells

2. It is the basic unit of living things.
What is a Cell?
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
It is the basic unit of living things.

3. What is the smallest part of this living thing?
Cells !

4. Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke (mid-1600s) Observed sliver of cork
Saw “row of empty boxes”
Coined the term cell

5. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

6. Characteristics of All Cells
A surrounding membrane
Protoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid
Organelles – structures for cell function
Control center with DNA

7. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

8. Cells Complete the web with four characteristics of cells.
All organisms -living things-
are made of
cells.
Cells do the
jobs that keep
organisms
alive.
Cells
Cells are the smallest
part of a living thing.
These cells are like
tiny building blocks.

9. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

10. Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth
Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea

11. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

12. Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus
Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
Organelles not bound by membranes

13. Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane
Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells
Possess many organelles
Protozoan

14. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

15. “Typical” Plant Cell

16. Representative Plant Cell

17. Label the plant cell. nucleus chloroplasts Cell wall cytoplasm
Cell membrane

18. Cell Organelles
Cell Parts are referred to as organelles.

19. Surrounding the Cell

20. Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer
Holds the parts of the cell together

21. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells

22. Inside the Cell

23. Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains DNA
Surrounded by a double membrane
Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope
Usually one per cell
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

24. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

25. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

26. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

27. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Contains hereditary material

28. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

29. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell

30. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

31. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

32. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

33. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape

34. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose) production
Where photosynthesis takes place

35. Compare and Contrast plant and animal cells.
Animal Cells Plant Cells
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
Nucleus

36. Cell Transport
Diffusion: a process in which particles of a substance move from one area that has too many particles, to an area that does not have enough.

37. Cell Transport
Osmosis: Movement of water and dissolved materials through the cell membrane. It is like a water filtration system.

38. Cell Transport
Passive Transport: It is like traveling in a canoe downstream. The current carries the canoe and you don’t need energy to do it.
Active Transport: It is like traveling in a canoe upstream. You must use energy to paddle against the current to make the canoe move.