2. Cell Structure & Function Wednesday, October 14, 2015

3. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

4. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

5. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

6. Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

7. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

8. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria

9. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal

10. “Typical” Animal Cell

11. “Typical” Plant Cell

12. Cell Parts Organelles

13. Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

14. Surrounding the Cell

15. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer

16. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

17. Inside the Cell

18. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

19. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

20. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

21. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

22. Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

23. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on rough endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell

24. Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

25. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell

26. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

27. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape

28. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place

29. Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

30. Different kinds of plant cells Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells

31. Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria

32. Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cellsPlant cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape No cell wall Relatively larger in size Regular shape Cell wall present

33. Animal cellsPlant cells Vacuole small or absent Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Nucleus near cell wall Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells

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