“The Big Picture” AP Comparative Review

Think… “It’s all about being old”

United Kingdom: The Big Picture System of Government: Parliamentary System Distribution of Power: Unitary Electoral System: Single Member District Plurality Constitution: Unwritten constitution Legislature: Bicameral—House of Commons & House of Lords Current Prime Minister: David Cameron Current Ruling Party: Coalition - Conservative & Liberal Democrats Major Political Parties: Labour, Conservatives, Liberal Democrats

UK: things to know… “It’s all about being old!” Represents advanced democracies in AP Comparative Represents example of well functioning parliamentary system Political Institutions and Electoral Systems (KNOW THEM!) Rational-Legal Authority Nobelese Oblige Gradualism Tony Blair’s “third way” Thatcherism Devolution Labour, Conservatives, and Liberal Democrats

Think… “It’s all about Putin”

Russia: The Big Picture System of Government: Mixed Presidential/Parliamentary Distribution of Power: Federal System (Asymmetric) Electoral System: Proportional Representation (2007) Constitution: 1993 Constitution Legislature: Bicameral—Duma and Federation Council Current President: Vladimir Putin Current Prime Minister: Dmitry Medvedev Current Ruling Party: United Russia Party Major Political Parties: United Russia Party, Communist, Liberal Democrats, Fair Russia

Russia: things to know… “It’s all about Putin” Represents former communist countries in AP Comparative Represents example of mixed parliamentary-presidential system Political Institutions and Electoral Systems (KNOW THEM!) Chechnya United Russia (party of power) How Putin has consolidated central control Boris Yeltsin Glasnost and perestroika Shock Therapy

“It’s all about the Party” Think… “It’s all about the Party”

China: The Big Picture System of Government: Authoritarian Single Party Rule Distribution of Power: Unitary System Electoral System: Is there one? Authoritarian One Party Constitution: 1982 Legislature: Unicameral Current Head of Party and State: President Xi Jinping Head of Government: Primer Wen Jiabao Current Ruling Party: Communist Party Major Political Parties: Communist Party

China: things to know… “It’s all about the Party!” Represents Communist Countries in AP Comparative Parallel Structures of Party and Government (KNOW THEM!) Be able to explain relationships to each other Legitimacy = Economic Growth Rural vs. Urban Cleavages Guanxi (Patron-Client Relationships) Fang-Shou (cycle of letting go and tightening up) Confucianism (Impact on Chinese Mind) Mao’s Rule Changes/Differences from Mao to Deng

Think… “It’s all about the PRI”

Mexico: The Big Picture System of Government: Presidential Distribution of Power: Federal System Electoral System: Mixed System: SMDP and PR Constitution: Constitution of 1917 Legislature: Bicameral—Chamber of Deputies & Senate Current Head of State: Enrique Peña Nieto Head of Government: Enrique Peña Nieto Current Ruling Party: PRI Major Political Parties: PRI, PAN, PRD

Mexico: things to know… “It’s all about the PRI” Represents Newly Industrializing Countries in AP Comparative Example of One Party Rule Political Institutions and Electoral Systems (KNOW THEM!) Mexican Revolution (impact: Mexican mind & Politics) State Corporatism Technicos Caudillos &Camarillas (patron-client relationships) Sexenio NAFTA Ejidos (land ownership system based on parcels)

“It’s all about the circles” Think… “It’s all about the circles”

“It’s all about the circles” Institutions of the Revolution (Islam) 1979 Institutions of the Shah (Until 1979) Democratic Structures Theocratic

Iran: The Big Picture System of Government: Mixed Theocratic-Presidential Distribution of Power: Unitary System Electoral System: SMDP Constitution: Constitution of 1979 Legislature: Unicameral—Majles Current Head of State: Hassan Rouhani & Supreme Leader Head of Government: Hassan Rouhani Current Ruling Party: “conservatives” Major Political Parties: “conservatives”, “moderates”, and “reformers”

Iran: things to know… “It’s all about circles” Represents theocracy in countries in AP Comparative Political Institutions and Electoral Systems: KNOW THEM! Iranian (Islamic) Revolution of 1979 (impact: Iranian Politics) Impact of history = Theocracy and Democracy Jurist Guardianship Rentier State Shia Islam Parastatals Sharia Law vs. Qanon Law Elections of 2005 & 2009 Supreme Leaders: 1st Khomeini, 2nd Khamenei

Think… “It’s all about the cleavages”

Nigeria: The Big Picture System of Government: Presidential System Distribution of Power: Federal System Electoral System: Single Member District Plurality Constitution: Constitution of 1999 Legislature: Bicameral—Senate and House of Rep. Current Head of State: Goodluck Jonathan Head of Government: Goodluck Jonathan Current Ruling Party: People’s Democratic Party (PDP) Major Political Parties: People’s Democratic Party (PDP) All Nigeria People’s Party (ANPP), Action Congress (AC)

Nigeria: things to know… “It’s all about the cleavages” ER squared Represents less industrialized and former colonies in AP6 Political Institutions and Electoral Systems: KNOW THEM! Biafran War (impact: Iranian Politics) Rentier State National Question Federal Character: Impact on Nigerian Politics Impact of British Colonialism Impact of World Bank and IMF on internal politics Prebendalism (Patron-Client Relationships) Recent Elections