Solutions Particles in Solution “Like Dissolves Like” Electrolytes Colligative Properties

A. “Like Dissolves Like” NONPOLAR POLAR Detergents polar “head” with long nonpolar “tail” can dissolve both types

B. Electrolytes Electrolyte Weak Electrolyte Non- Electrolyte + salt - + acetic acid - + sugar Electrolyte Weak Electrolyte Non- Electrolyte solute exists as ions only solute exists as ions and molecules solute exists as molecules only

B. Electrolytes Dissociation separation of +/- ions when an ionic compound dissolves in water

B. Electrolytes Ionization breaking apart of polar covalent molecules into ions when dissolving in water

C. Colligative Properties properties of solutions that depend only on solute concentration Freezing Point Depression solutes lower the f.p. of a solvent Boiling Point Elevation solutes raise the b.p. of a solvent

C. Colligative Properties Freezing Point Depression View Flash animation.

C. Colligative Properties Boiling Point Elevation Solute particles “get in the way.”

C. Colligative Properties Effect increases as the solute concentration increases. Uses: antifreeze making ice cream salting icy roads