Cells Unit 2

Putting Things in Perspective The Scale of Things

Cell:

Cell: Basic unit of life

Cell: Basic unit of life Cell Theory:

Cell: Basic unit of life Cell Theory: All living things are made of cells

Cell: Basic unit of life Cell Theory: All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

Cell: Basic unit of life Cell Theory: All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things New cells come from existing cells

Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote:

Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures

Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example:

Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria

Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote:

Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures

Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures Example:

Types of cells Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures Example: Plants, animals, fungus

Parts of the Cell Organelles:

Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Parts of the Cell Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”

Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Cytoplasm: Parts of the Cell Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Cytoplasm:

Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Parts of the Cell Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Cytoplasm: fluid in all cells

Parts of a Cell: Nucleus Membrane with pores (nuclear envelope) Usually circular or spherical in shape Contains genetic material and nucleolus

Parts of a Cell: Nucleus Function Controls the functions of the cell by providing directions for what the cell is supposed to do Site of DNA replication and transcription Found only in eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells

Parts of a Cell: Cytoskeleton Made of microtubules and filaments found throughout the cytoplasm

Parts of a Cell: Cytoskeleton Function Provides an internal framework for the cell, giving it shape Helps with movement Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells

Parts of a Cell: Cell Membrane Phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell Contains proteins and cholesterol molecules spread throughout

Parts of a Cell: Cell Membrane Function Regulates what enters and leaves the cell Provides protection and support Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells

Parts of a Cell: Cell Wall Lies outside the cell membrane Made from fibers and carbohydrates and proteins; mostly cellulose

Parts of a Cell: Cell Wall Function Provides support and protection Found only in eukaryotic cells Found in only plant cells

Parts of a Cell: Ribosomes Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm

Parts of a Cell: Ribosomes Function Site of protein synthesis Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells

Parts of a Cell: Endoplasmic Reticulum Internal system of membranes Smooth ER: No ribosomes Far from nucleus Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes Adjacent to nucleus

Parts of a Cell: Endoplasmic Reticulum Function Site of lipid, carbohydrate and protein synthesis Intracellular transport Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells

Parts of a Cell: Golgi Apparatus Stack of closely packed membranes Found close to the smooth ER

Parts of a Cell: Golgi Apparatus Function Modify, sort and package proteins and other materials for storage inside the cell or secretion outside of the cell Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells

Parts of a Cell: Vesicle Membrane bound sacs made from cell membrane or Golgi membrane containing proteins or other materials

Parts of a Cell: Vesicles Function Protects contents for transport throughout the cell Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells

Parts of a Cell: Lysosome Membrane bound sacs containing enzymes

Parts of a Cell: Lysosome Function Break down or digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins Garbage disposal Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both plant and animal cells

Parts of a Cell: Vacuole Large membrane bound sac

Parts of a Cell: Vacuole Function Storage area for water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in only plant cells

Parts of a Cell: Chloroplasts Membrane bound sac Contain large stacks of other membranes inside that contain chlorophyll

Parts of a Cell: Chloroplasts Function Site of photosynthesis Convert light energy (sunlight) into chemical energy (sugars) Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in only plant cells

Parts of a Cell: Mitochondria Enclosed by 2 membranes Inner membrane is folded up inside the organelle Contains their own DNA

Parts of a Cell: Mitochondria Function Site of cellular respiration Convert chemical energy (sugars) into ATP Found in only eukaryotic cells Found in both animal and plant cells

Short, hair-like projections coming out of the cell membrane Parts of a Cell: Cilia Short, hair-like projections coming out of the cell membrane

Assist in cell movement Parts of a Cell: Cilia Function Assist in cell movement Increase surface area to help with the process of diffusion Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both animal and plant cells

Parts of a Cell: Flagella Long, tail-like projections that come out of the cell membrane

Parts of a Cell: Flagella Function Assist in cell movement Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Found in both animal and plant cells, mainly animal cells

Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)

Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell) Cell Wall

Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell) Cell Membrane Cell Wall

Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell) Microtubules Cell Membrane Cell Wall

Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell) Genetic Material Microtubules Cell Membrane Cell Wall

Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell) Flagella Genetic Material Microtubules Cell Membrane Cell Wall

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Cytoskeleton

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Cell Membrane

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Cell Membrane Cilia

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Cell Membrane Cilia Mitochondria

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Cell Membrane Lysosome Cilia Mitochondria

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Cytoskeleton Microfilament Golgi Apparatus Cell Membrane Lysosome Cilia Mitochondria

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Microfilament Golgi Apparatus Cell Membrane Lysosome Cilia Mitochondria

Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell Flagella Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Microfilament Golgi Apparatus Cell Membrane Lysosome Cilia Mitochondria

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Vesicle

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Cell Wall

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Cell Wall Microtubule

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Cell Wall Microtubule Cell Membrane

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane

Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Vesicle Chloroplast Cell Wall Mitochondria Microtubule Cell Membrane

Let’s Review… What structures do all cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have? Cell membrane, ribosomes, genetic material What structures do animal cells have that plant cells do not? Flagella (sometimes in plants, mostly in animal cells) What structures do plants cells have that animal cells do not? Chloroplasts, cell walls, vacuoles