Chapt 6 India and S.E. Asia WHAP Mr Pack.

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Chapt 6 India and S.E. Asia WHAP Mr Pack

India S.E. Asia Aryans migrate to India and settle (after 1000 BCE) between Himalayas and Ganges river. Caste system developed (original word varna- color based) based on social class Brahmins – highest class, priests and scholars Kshatriya- Warriors, govt. officials Vaishya- Landowners, merchants, artisans Shudra- common peasants and laborers Dalits- Untouchables- not part of caste system

Caste- word first used by Portuguese sailors to describe social order in 16th century

India Each caste further divided into jati- specific occupation, duties, rituals (hereditary, by birth) little interaction between Lawbook of Manu- 100 BCE (describes system) Vedic Age- 1500 to 500 BCE Vedas were religious texts, songs, prayers, rituals passed down (most important Rig Veda Aryans vs Dravidians- religious beliefs blend together and form Upanishads

India Universal spirit named Brahman Reincarnation – human spirit (atman) eventually can join Brahman through ethical behavior- eventually beliefs become known as Hinduism- Dharma (moral duty) Siddharta Gautama (563-483 BCE)- Kshatriya prince, found enlightenment renamed the Buddha

India Ahsoka- greatest ruler of Mauryan Dynasty converts to Buddhism, subjects convert as well. Establishes efficient tax collecting system that built roads/encourage trade. Rock and pillar edicts (laws shown in public places) help unify. Caste System and jati keeps people fragmented. Chandragutpa Maurya forms kingdom in Magadha. Mauryan Empire collapses due to outside attacks by 184 B.CE.

India Gupta Empire begins in Magadha (4th century C.E.) but smaller than Mauryan, did not have a bureaucracy instead received tribute. (provinces like Mauryan) Technology– free hospitals, first inoculations, develop numbers 0-9 (Arabic numerals). Theatre state- encourage loyalty by impressing loyal followers with magnificent buildings , court fashion and entertainment. 300 BCE- 600 CE Silk Road trade significantly increases.

Gupta Mauryan Map

Silk Road Map

India Jainism- Founded by Mahavir Jain- all creatures are a part of Brahma from Upanishads. Mahabharata, Ramayana- Epic Hindu poems define gender roles. Decline of Gupta- ethnic diversity, many languages make unification difficult. Nomads from NW bring downfall.