ACIDS AND BASES

Sour fruits like Lemon (Citric Acid) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) household acids Vinegar (Acetic Acid) Sour fruits like Lemon (Citric Acid) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous) Sour-Tasting Properties of acids Commonly contain H+ Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous) Sour-Tasting Corrosive Conduct electricity Turns litmus paper Red pH < 7

Reactive Properties of acids React with Metals to produce Hydrogen Gas 2HCl + Zn H2 + ZnCl2 Hydrochloric Acid + Zinc  Hydrogen Gas + Zinc Chloride React with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates HCl + CaCO3  H2O + CO2 + CaCl2 Hydrochloric Acid + Calcium Carbonate  Water + Carbon Dioxide + Calcium Chloride

Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide) Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) household bases Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide) Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) Drain Cleaner (Sodium Hydroxide)

Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous) Bitter-Tasting Properties of bases Commonly contain OH- Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous) Bitter-Tasting Feels Slippery Corrosive Conductive React with Protein (eg. those in your skin and eyes) Turns litmus paper Blue pH > 7 *Another word for BASIC is ALKALINE

Why you should wear goggles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DedE68fjKRM

Electrical conductivity Acids and bases both conduct electricity, since they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Ex. Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH → Na+ + OH− Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4 → 2H+ + SO42−

Naming acids and bases When the chemical formula of an acid starts with H and has only one other non-metallic element, it is named by adding the prefix "hydro" and the suffix "ic" and the word "acid". HCl HYDROCHLORIC ACID HF HYDROFLUORIC ACID

Naming acids and bases Acids that contain a polyatomic ion and an oxygen atom (oxyacids) can be named as follows: a) If the polyatomic ion ends in "ate" add the suffix "ic" and the word acid. b) If the polyatomic ion ends in "ite" add the suffix "ous" and the word acid.

SO42- is Sulfate, so H2SO4 SULPHURIC ACID Naming acids and bases   SO42- is Sulfate, so H2SO4 SULPHURIC ACID SO32- is Sulfite, H2SO3 SULPHUROUS ACID

NH4OH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE Naming acids and bases The name of a base can be determined from the name of the positively charged metallic ion or polyatomic ion at the beginning and then adding the word "hydroxide".   NaOH SODIUM HYDROXIDE NH4OH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

Naming acids and bases Some bases are more difficult to recognize. Substances that contain BICARBONATE or HYDROGEN CARBONATE, HCO3- are bases because they react with water to form hydroxide ions Ex: NaHCO3 SODIUM BICARBONATE