Water Cycle Water Budget Chapter 9 - Water Water Cycle Water Budget

The World’s Water Oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, atmosphere, living things, glaciers, and more… Water is measured by volume. “How much space it takes up.” 97 % is in the oceans

The World’s Water Less than 3% is fresh!!! 2/3 is frozen in ice caps Rest is fresh (usable) water Works out to be less than 1/2 of 1%

OCEANS 97.2% ICE CAPS 2% LAKES 0.013% SOIL 0.006% ATMOSPHERE 0.0007% GROUNDWATER 0.78% LAKES 0.013% SOIL 0.006% ATMOSPHERE 0.0007% RUNNING 0.0002% BIOSPHERE 0.0001%

Where is the fresh water? Tiny part is flowing on the surface of Earth (rivers, streams) 100 times that is stored in lakes, swamps, etc. 50 times that is stored in the ground as groundwater.

Water Cycle Again like all matter, water is recycled. Simple water cycle (Magnificent 7): Evaporation-liquid to gas Transpiration-liquid to gas in plants Sublimation-solid to gas

Water Cycle Condensation–Gas to liquid-clouds Precipitation-gas to liquid/solid Runoff-running water on surface Groundwater-soil moisture, water underground

Water Budget Compares the input (water you get) and output (water you use) of water in a specific region.

Water Budget Controlled by many different climate factors Air temperature Humidity (Season Extremes) Rainfall amount Soil Type

A water budget has 4 parts: usage, recharge, surplus, and deficit Water Budget Graphs A comparison between Moisture supply (precip) and Moisture demand (evap) A water budget has 4 parts: usage, recharge, surplus, and deficit

Water Budget Graphs Usage – When plants, humans, sun is taking water out of the system. Recharge - When the ground water is being filled back up

Water Budget Graphs Surplus - Rainfall is greater than the need. Soil is moist. Deficit - Need for moisture is greater than the rainfall coming into the system. Soil is dry

Rocks Holding Water?? Porosity – Volume of space in between rocks/soil that can hold water Permeability – The rate at which water can pass through the pore spaces of rock/soil

Rocks Holding Water??

Rocks Holding Water?? Impermeable – Water cannot pass through the pore space. Capillary – Ability of water to “stick” to its surroundings by its surface tension

Rocks Holding Water??

Water Table

Water Table Ground becomes saturated with water. This is the ground water that we have been talking about. Water Table – The top portion of the “zone of groundwater saturation”

Water Table Zone of Aeration – Water and air mixed with the rocks and soil Capillary fringe – Border between air/water and just water. Right above the water table (pg. 154) Zone of Saturation – Just water in the soil and no air

Wells and Springs Ordinary well - A hole dug or drilled down below the water table. ( water must be pumped out) Spring - Place where the water table is at the surface. Artesian well - A well that is pressurized. (water will not have to be pumped out)

Link to Page About Water Resources Aquifers Are permeable materials that contain and carry groundwater Best are - Sand, gravel, and porous sandstone Link to Page About Water Resources