AP World History Chapter 21

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Presentation transcript:

AP World History Chapter 21 The Muslim Empires

The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders Mid-1200s, Mongols defeat Seljuks Ottomans emerge dominant Into Balkans, 14th, 15th centuries 1453, take Constantinople Expansion Middle East, north Africa, Europe Dominate Mediterranean A. A State Geared to Warfare Military dominant Turkic horsemen become warrior nobility Janissary infantry Conscripted youth from conquered peoples

The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders B. The Sultans and their Court Use factions against each other Vizier Oversees large bureaucracy Succession No clear rules C. Constantinople Restored and the Flowering of Ottoman Culture Suleymaniye mosque, 16th century Commercial center Government control of trade, crafts Artisan guilds Turkish prevails

I. The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders D. The Problem of Ottoman Decline Strong until late 1600s Decline Extended Infrastructure insufficient Dependent on conquest End of conquest brings deficiencies Regional leaders divert revenue Sultans less dynamic

. The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders E. Military Reverses and the Ottoman Retreat Janissaries Conservative Stop military, technological reform Lepanto, 1571 Defeated by Spain, Venice Turks lose control of eastern Mediterranean Portuguese outflank Middle East trade Sail around Africa into Indian Ocean Victories over Muslim navies Inflation Caused by New World bullion Comes at same time as loss of revenue from control of trade