1. Encomienda and repartimiento
Silver Bellwork
Which of the two Spanish labor systems were used mostly for mining?
Encomienda and repartimiento
What impact did the pesos have on the Chinese economy?
Became major currency, widely used, used to buy opium

2. Objective
WWBAT: Introduce the rise and organization of the Ottoman Empire

3. Interactive Notebook Setup
2/15/2016
Rise of the Ottoman Empire
This will be one pages

4. The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Expansion
Devsirme

5. From 1300 to 1700, three “gunpowder empires” dominated parts of Europe, Africa, & Asia
The Safavid Empire
The Mughal Empire
The Ottoman Empire
Three of the great empires of history—the Ottomans in Turkey, the Safavids in Persia, and the Mughals in India—emerged in the Muslim world between the 14th and the 18th centuries.
As powerful societies moved to expand their empires, Turkish, Persian, Mongol, and Arab ways of life blended. The result was a flowering of Islamic culture that peaked in the 16th century.
The rulers of all three great Muslim empires of this era based their authority on Islam. They based their power on strong armies, advanced technology, and loyal administrative officers.

6. These empires were unique but shared some similarities:
All 3 empires were able to conquer neighboring people because they formed strong armies using rifles & artillery
Three of the great empires of history—the Ottomans in Turkey, the Safavids in Persia, and the Mughals in India—emerged in the Muslim world between the 14th and the 18th centuries.
As powerful societies moved to expand their empires, Turkish, Persian, Mongol, and Arab ways of life blended. The result was a flowering of Islamic culture that peaked in the 16th century.
The rulers of all three great Muslim empires of this era based their authority on Islam. They based their power on strong armies, advanced technology, and loyal administrative officers.
All 3 empires were Islamic & ruled by Muslim leaders with well-organized gov’ts made up of loyal bureaucrats
All 3 empires blended their culture with neighboring societies to create a high point of Islamic culture

7. The Ottoman Empire
Around 1300, Nomadic Muslim Turks of Anatolia were unified & formed the Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans used muskets & cannons to form a powerful army & expand their territory

8. Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries
The Ottoman Empire was, in many respects, an Islamic successor to earlier Mediterranean empires — namely the Roman and Byzantine empires
In fact, they claimed they were the inheritors of the two Romes

9. Ottoman Empire
In general the Ottomans ruled over conquered peoples with kindness
Locals leaders were appointed to positions as governors of their regions called pashas
Pashas came from all religious backgrounds

10. Ottoman Empire
Muslims had to serve in the army, but were exempt from a tax
Non-Muslims had to pay the tax, but did not have to serve in the army

11. The Ottoman Military
The Ottoman army included 30,000 elite soldiers called janissaries who were slaves that were trained to be loyal to the government
zanbūrak

12. Janissaries

13. Devsirme
Starting in the 1300’s the Ottomans occasionally collected what is called a devsirme from the Balkans
A devsirme is a human tax of young Christian males who were converted to Islam and then trained for either military service or government administration

14. Devsirme
The devsirme process was developed in order to prevent a hereditary aristocracy developing
Devsirme went on to serve as the most important military leaders and government positions
This ensured there was no real group to challenge the power of the sultan

15. Ottoman Expansion
In 1453, the Ottomans attacked Constantinople & conquered the Byzantine Empire

16. Golden Horn – 15c

17. The Fall of Constantinople: 1453

18. “Europeans” vs. Turks

19. The End of the Byzantine Empire

20. Hagia Sophia is “converted”

21. Hagia Sophia - interior

22. Siege of Constantinople, 1453

23. Ottoman Expansion
In 1453 the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople made it the dominant power in the Eastern Mediterranean
Military and naval conquests expanded the empire as well as trade
Growth also due to new trade and routes between Europe and Asia.
Trade and military alliances with other “European” powers

24. The Ottoman Empire
By the late 1600s, the Ottomans had expanded into the Middle East, Northern Africa, & Eastern Europe

25. Ottoman Expansion
In the 16th century Under Selim and Suleiman, the empire became a dominant naval force, controlling much of the Mediterranean Sea
Among the conquest of Tunis and Algeria from Spain and the evacuation of Muslims and Jews from Spain to the safety of Ottoman lands during the Spanish Inquisition