1. Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals
Chapter 21

3. Overview…
1234 CE: Mongol invasion disrupts Seljuk Turk government - death of last Abbasid caliph
Ottomans fill power vacuum under leadership of Osman I - Sunni Muslims
1453 CE: Control majority of eastern Mediterranean and capture Constantinople
Reach the height of their power and control in the 16th century under Suliemann the Magnificent
Empire begins a gradual decline that would last until its eventual death in 1920 (end of WW I)

4. Ottoman Empire Sultans Janissaries Dhimmi - "people of the book"
absolute rulers, but had to appease various political factions to retain power
Janissaries
soldiers taken from conquered regions and forcibly converted to Islam
become the cornerstone of the army and a political power in their own right
Dhimmi - "people of the book"
Jews and Christians that most often served as merchants.
Allows the Ottomans to have the first 24/7 delivery service.
Important to note that commerce and production were
closely controlled by the government.
Vizier
becomes the head of the imperial government as the
sultans become distracted by a life of luxury
Think Jafar from "Aladdin”

5. Siege of
Rhodes
1522

8. Mehmet II enters Constantinople
1453

11. Ottoman Collapse
Was the Ottoman decline unavoidable, or the result of their own mistakes?
Dynasty lasts for 600 years...not really a "collapse“
Holds off the combined efforts of Russia, Eastern/Western Europeans and Safavids to conquer them
Extent of the empire probably made it impossible to govern
Corruption weakens government from the inside
Problems with succession result in series of weak leaders, as well as growing paranoia of current leaders
Lavish lifestyle leads to disinterested leaders and opens the door for power-hungry advisors (sound familiar?)
Unwillingness to adapt to changes in technology
Navy Battle of Lepanto
Army (janissaries) unwilling to adapt
Inherit a contempt for all things Western
Impact of Portuguese trade (loss of wealth) & Spanish silver

12. Safavids

13. Naghshe Jahan Square – Isfahan (capital city)

14. Mughals

17. Claims to
Fame

18. HOMEWORK!!! CC Essay Prompt
Within the period of 1450 to 1800, compare the processes (e.g. political, economic, social) of empire building in the Spanish empire with empire building processes in ONE of the following.
The Ottoman Empire
The Russian Empire