Model arhitectural de reţea

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Presentation transcript:

Model arhitectural de reţea Ce este un “model arhitectural”? Un model arhitectural oferă un cadru general de referinţă pentru problemele legate de comunicaţiile în reţea. Un astfel de model este folosit nu doar pentru a explica protocoalele de comunicaţie, ci şi pentru dezvoltarea acestora. Modelul arhitectural separă funcţiile asigurate de protocoalele de comunicaţie în nivele separate (şi mai uşor administrabile). Fiecare nivel are un rol/roluri specific(e) în procesul de comunicaţie de-a lungul reţelei. Definiţii – concepte de bază: - Protocol de reţea - Tipuri de comunicaţii/transmisii de date - Lăţime de bandă/Throughput/Goodput

Modelul OSI De ce un model pe nivele? Reduce complexitatea Standardizează interfeţele Facilitează concepţia modulară Asigură tehnologii interoperabile Accelerează evoluţia - Simplifică şi ajută procesul de predare/învăţare

Modelul OSI Aplicaţie Date Prezentare Date Sesiune Date Transport Segmente Reţea Pachete Legătură de date Cadre Fizic Biţi

Modelul TCP/IP

Comparaţie OSI – TCP/IP Application (Layer7) Application Presentation (Layer6) Session (Layer 5) Transport (Layer 4) Transport Network (Layer 3) Internet Data Link (Layer 2) Network access Physical (Layer 1)

Modelul OSI şi componentele de reţea în Windows Aplicaţia de retea 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Fişiere DLL API de reţea Driver API de reţea – client TDI TDI Drivere de protocol – transport TDI (TCP/IP, NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, etc.) NDIS Biblioteca NDIS Miniport NDIS HAL Ethernet, Token Ring, IrDA, ATM, etc. Modelul OSI şi componentele de reţea în Windows