Heads of NPs and Nouns Modern English Grammar 1 Session 2

MEG-1© FAM2 categorised word classes identified Phrases in sentences But first: what we did last week determiners, nouns, pronouns, prepositions, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. noun phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases

MEG-1© FAM3 determined their Heads examined the construction of phrases considered the Functional Categories in a sentence What we saw last week (ctd.) really difficult for Jenny Specifier HEAD Extension X post-Xpre-X XP Subject, Verb(ial), Object, Complement, Adverbial

The Noun Phrase Structures, Elements, Relations

MEG-1© FAM5 2.1 The Structure of the NP Determiner (d) NP pre-modifier (m) post-modifier (m) HEAD (H) dmHm dmH dH H Specifier Extension

MEG-1© FAM6 Do Activity 1 on page 15

MEG-1© FAM7 2.1 The Structure of the NP Determiner (d) NP pre-modifier (m) post-modifier (m) HEAD (H) in Marchafternoonwarmone dmHm wheel barrowredthe dmH cara dH Peter H Specifier Extension

MEG-1© FAM8 With the Home Study findings from Exploration 1 fill in the table for Activity 2, page 17

MEG-1© FAM9 2.2 Types of N a) (red) one(s) (some any) I Australia Bern Jim Leeds United company countryside courage cruelty death / Death future government information joy kindness love pity sleep stardom air aircraft bath beef bread cattle cow crossroads darts draughts fight flour flower goose gymnastics herd homework ice insignia … Abstract NounsConcrete Nouns Place- holders Pro- nouns Proper Nouns Common Nouns

MEG-1© FAM Types of Nouns b) Heads of NP (N) focus on Entities Entities are –p–people –t–things –a–animals –p–places Entities are also –a–abstract notions –a–actions –e–emotions –i–institutions –p–phenomena –q–qualities –t–times/periods –e–etc. They can occurs as –N–Nouns –P–Pronouns –P–Placeholders

MEG-1© FAM11 From Home Study, lets check Exploration 2 on page 16

MEG-1© FAM12 Nouns and how they behave a) xx measles x committee xx mathematics x coal xx luggage x cards x luck x bread x love x beauty x Leeds United x bath x life xx baggage x knowledge x audience x kindness x athletics xx information x army x ice x anger x honesty xx air xx homework xx advice Noun654321

MEG-1© FAM13 Nouns and how they behave c) x run x enemy x rest x end x relief x drink x pride x draughts x press x death police x data xx physics x darts x past x cruelty news x crew xx mumps x courage x move x countryside x money x country x media x company Noun654321

MEG-1© FAM14 Nouns and how they behave c) x world x hate x wind x gymnastics x water x group x wash x government x travel x go x team xx future x sun xx furniture x sugar X fun x start X freedom x staff x food x snooze x flock x sleep x fight x sky x family Noun654321

MEG-1© FAM15 Do Activity 3 on page 17

MEG-1© FAM Countable vs. uncountable nouns do not take a concrete quantifier (e.g. a number adjective). always singular, do not take a take singular markers (verb forms, pronouns) abstract terms beauty, death, freedom, fun, life, luck, knowledge activities sleep, travel, emotions anger, love, relief, character features courage, cruelty, hate, honesty, kindness, pride substances bread, coal, food, ice, sugar, water

MEG-1© FAM Countable vs. uncountable nouns look like plurals, but are singulars. illnesses measles, mumps subjects mathematics, physics games cards, darts, draughts sports athletics, gymnastics, darts

MEG-1© FAM Countable vs. uncountable nouns form of a singular, used with singular or plural pronouns / verb forms focus on individual members or group as a whole army, audience, committee, company, crew, data, enemy, family, flock, government, group, Leeds United, media, press, staff, team,

MEG-1© FAM Countable vs. uncountable nouns These never take the plural in English: advice, baggage, furniture, homework, information, luggage, money

MEG-1© FAM20 Do Activity 4 on page 19

MEG-1© FAM Nouns with the vs. a nouns normally occurring with the Police/police news potential repetition bath, drink, fight, go, move, rest, run, snooze, start, wash uniqueness or globality air, country, country- side, end, future, past, sky, sun, wind, world, nouns normally occurring with a/an always with singular markers always with plural markers

MEG-1© FAM22 Do Exploration 3 on page 18

MEG-1© FAM Plurals (Exploration 3) b sheep sheep men women man/ woman eyes eye chassis chassis series series leaves leaf dwarves dwarf busses bus scissors scissors larvae larva deer deer bridges bridge salmon salmon ladies lady days day bourgeois bourgeois pyjamas pyjamas kisses kiss cries cry binoculars binoculars précis précis jeans jeans crossroads cross- roads aircraft aircraft N pl N sing N pl N sing N pl N sing N pl N sing

MEG-1© FAM Plurals (Exploration 3) b wives wife phenomena phenomenon indices indexes index criteria criterion trousers trousers oxen ox houses house corpora corpus trees tree nuclei nucleus hats hat clashes clash teeth tooth mice mouse geese goose churches church species species memoranda memorandum glasses glasses children child N pl N sing N pl N sing N pl N sing N pl N sing

MEG-1© FAM25 Home Study Activity 5 on page 19 Exploration 1 on page 24

MEG-1© FAM26 And thats all for today Tune in again next week for another captivating episode of