1. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
Countable nouns are nouns that you can count.
Because you can count them, you can have a singular and plural noun.
A singular noun gets “a” or “an”.
A plural noun is changed from the singular noun somehow:
Normally, just add “s” (bird – birds, door – doors)
If it ends with “-s”, “-ch”, “-sh”, “-x” “-z” or “-o” add “e” before “s” (dress – dresses, witch – witches, wish – wishes, fox – foxes, quiz – quizzes, tomato – tomatoes)

2. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
A plural noun is changed from the singular noun somehow:
If it ends with “consonant + y”, change “y” to “i” before adding “es”
(cherry – cherries, dictionary – dictionaries) (play – plays, day – days)
Some nouns ending with “f” or “fe” get “ves” as plurals
(life – lives, wolf – wolves) (roof – roofs, safe – safes)

3. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
There are several groups of irregular nouns:
Some change their vowel sound (man – men, foot – feet, goose – geese)
Some stay the same (deer – deer, fish – fish, sheep – sheep)
Some are always plural, and have no singular form (police, clothes, trousers, pants, jeans)
There are group nouns that refer to a group no matter how big/small (family, team, group, staff)
Some plurals are just completely different and unexpected (child – children, mouse – mice, ox – oxen)

4. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
What are the plurals of the following nouns?
SINGULAR
PLURAL
elf
sandwich
volcano
key
gas
deer
cookie
country
mouse
octopus

5. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
What are the plurals of the following nouns?
SINGULAR
PLURAL
elf
elves
sandwich
sandwiches
volcano
volcanoes
key
keys
gas
gases
deer
cookie
cookies
country
countries
mouse
mice
octopus
octopi

6. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
What are the plurals of the following nouns?
SINGULAR
PLURAL
moose
child
buffalo
woman
shelf
cactus
fish
person
foot
echo

7. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
What are the plurals of the following nouns?
SINGULAR
PLURAL
moose
child
children
buffalo
buffaloes
woman
women
shelf
shelves
cactus
cacti
fish
person
people
foot
feet
echo
echoes

8. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
Uncountable nouns are nouns that you cannot count.
Since you cannot count them you cannot make them plural.
An uncountable noun never gets “a” or “an”.
Even though you cannot count an uncountable noun, you sometimes need to say how much there is. There are two ways:
1. Amounts (some, a lot of, much, little) 2. Portions — which are countable (cup of, bottle of, slice of, jar of, glass of, piece of, etc.)
We can use these to give more detail about uncountable nouns.

9. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
What “amounts” could you add to these uncountable nouns?
NOUN
AMOUNT OF NOUN
homework
pizza
milk
cheese
money
information
time
help
paper
furniture

10. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
What “amounts” could you add to these uncountable nouns?
NOUN
AMOUNT OF NOUN
homework
a lot of homework
pizza
some pizza
milk
a little milk
cheese
too much cheese
money
lots of money
information
a lot of information
time
some time
help
a little help
paper
too much paper
furniture
lots of furniture

11. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
What “portions” could you add to these uncountable nouns?
NOUN
PORTION OF NOUN
homework
pizza
milk
cheese
money
information
time
help
paper
furniture

12. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
What “portions” could you add to these uncountable nouns?
NOUN
PORTION OF NOUN
homework
a piece of homework
pizza
a slice of pizza
milk
a glass of milk
cheese
a bit of cheese
money
a stack of money
information
a bit of information
time
a moment of time
help
paper
a piece of paper
furniture
a room of furniture

13. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
There are many nouns that you cannot count. There are many reasons that you cannot count something:
It’s food you must usually cut (meat, cheese, bread, butter, etc.)
It’s a liquid (milk, water, wine, oil, etc.)
It’s a material, used and cut into many different shapes (wood, gold, silver, paper, etc.)
It’s “abstract” meaning you cannot see/touch it (love, justice, freedom, help, advice, organisation, etc.)
It’s a group where everything is not the same (money, news, information, time, furniture, baggage, etc.)

14. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
Are these countable or uncountable?
NOUN
COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
dollar
advice
book
library
page
love
metal
hint
beef
ice cream

15. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
Are these countable or uncountable?
NOUN
COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
dollar
countable (dollars)
advice
uncountable (advice)
book
countable (books)
library
countable (libraries)
page
countable (pages)
love
uncountable (love)
metal
uncountable (metal)
hint
countable (hints)
beef
uncountable (beef)
ice cream
uncountable (ice cream)

16. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
Be careful with uncountable nouns.
It is a single word that is uncountable, not necessarily all examples of it.
Money is uncountable.
But dollars are countable.
Paper is uncountable.
But pages are countable.
Meat is uncountable.
Beef is also uncountable.

17. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
Be careful with uncountable nouns.
There are also some nouns that are both depending on what you mean:
Pizza is countable and uncountable. Whole pizzas are countable. But the fraction of a pizza that you eat is uncountable.
Glass is countable and uncountable.
A glass that you drink from is countable.
The glass in a window is a material so it’s uncountable.

18. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE
Be careful with uncountable nouns.
There are also some nouns that are both depending on what you mean:
Coffee (and water/tea/soda) is countable and uncountable. Many people refer to a cup of coffee as simply “a coffee”. But because it’s a liquid, coffee is uncountable.
Hair is countable and uncountable.
Each hair on your head is countable.
But because there are so many, the whole group of hair is uncountable.
Grammar Book: Page 57, Activity “J”.