Chapter 1 Section 4 The Reformation Continues Objective: Compare further changes in Protestantism & the Catholic Reformation Vocabulary: Predestination, Calvinism, Theocracy, Presbyterian, Anabaptist, Catholic Reformation, Jesuits, & Council of Trent New: Describe a time when people felt the need to change something in society or their life. Be Detailed Overview of Warm Ups/Classroom Discussions: What are some rules in regards to starting/completing a warm up? When we do popsicle sticks/checks for understanding, what do say if you don’t know the answer? Why do you think I use popsicle sticks? What does “No Opt Out” mean?

Setting the Stage The Anglican Church remained similar to the Catholic Church in some practices & ceremonies Martin Luther launched the Reformation in northern Germany, but reformers were at work in other countries John Calvin, a French follower of Luther, promoted a unique idea about the relationship between people & God Which Queen changed England back to protestant & created the Anglican Church?

Calvin Continues the Reformation Religious reform in Switzerland was begun by Huldrych Zwingli, a Catholic priest Zwingli openly attacked abuses in the Catholic Church 1531, a bitter war between Swiss Protestants & Catholics broke out; Swingli died during the war At the same time, John Calvin, a law student in France began to clarify his religious beliefs John Calvin grew up to have a huge influence on the spread of Protestantism In which country was Martin Luther’s reform movement? Zwingli was influenced by humanist & the reforms of Luther

Calvin Formalizes Protestant Ideas In 1536, Calvin published “Institutions of Christian Religion” which expressed ideas about God, salvation, & human nature Calvin believed that people were sinful by nature & God chooses very few people to save, the “elect” Calvin believed in predestination (doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved) The religion based on Calvin’s teachings is called Calvinism How might predestination affect people’s view points on life? John Calvin was 8 years old when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses The book was a summary of Protestant theology & religious beliefs He believed people are sinful by nature

Calvin Leads the Reformation in Switzerland Calvin believed that the ideal government was a theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders) 1541, Protestants in Geneva Switzerland asked Calvin to lead their city Calvin & his followers ran the city according to strict rules However, people viewed the city as a model city of highly moral citizens Geneva was a self-governing city of 20,000 people Everyone attended religion class No one wore bright clothing Authorities would excommunicate & banish those who broke the rules If you preached different doctrines you would be burned at the stake

Calvinism Spreads John Knox was inspired by Calvin & returned to Scotland to put his ideas to work Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians Protestants made Calvinism the official religion in Scotland Scotland overthrew their Catholic Queen Mary for her infant son James Swiss, Dutch, & French reformers adopted the Calvinist form of church organization Many protestant churches directly trace their roots to Calvin

Other Protestant Reformers New Protestant groups formed over differences in beliefs Anabaptists believed people should be baptized only if they were old enough to decide to be Christian They believed church & state should be separate Anabaptists influenced the Amish, Quakers, & Baptists Many women played a role in the Reformation At what age do a lot of Christians get baptized? “Baptize Again” The anabaptists share their possessions Protestants & Catholics both persecuted them. Marguerite of Navarre protected John Calvin from being executed However, women’s activities in the church were limited to the home

The Catholic Reformation Catholic Reformation was a movement where the Catholic Church sought to make changes Ignatius wrote the “Spiritual Exercises” that laid out a daily plan of meditation, prayer, & study 1540, the pope create a religious order of Ignatius’s followers called the Jesuits They founded schools throughout Europe, sent out missionaries, & tried to stop the spread of Protestantism Tried to convert non Christians to catholic

Reforming Popes Pope Paul III started to reform the Catholic Church, by investigating abuses & calling an Inquisition 1545-1563 the Council of Trent, agreed on several new doctrines in the Catholic Church Pope Paul IV carried out the council’s decrees He also created a list of book considered to be “dangerous” to the church & had them burned What were some negative things happening in the Catholic Church that the pope decided to fix? Christians need faith & good works for salvation (not just saved by having faith) Churches interpretation of the Bible was final They burned 10,000 books in Venice in one day

Legacy of the Reformation The Reformation had religious, social, & political effects However, it ended the Christian unity of Europe & left it culturally divided Protestant churches flourished & the Catholic Church became more unified Both emphasized the role of education & built colleges/universities throughout Europe As the Catholic Church’s moral & political authority declined, individuals rulers gained power