FOXP3+ CD4 T-cell maturity and responses to microbial stimulation alter with age and associate with early-life gut colonization  Sophia Björkander, Maria.

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FOXP3+ CD4 T-cell maturity and responses to microbial stimulation alter with age and associate with early-life gut colonization  Sophia Björkander, Maria A. Johansson, PhD, Lena Hell, MSc, Gintare Lasaviciute, MSc, Caroline Nilsson, MD, PhD, Ulrika Holmlund, PhD, Eva Sverremark-Ekström, PhD  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 138, Issue 3, Pages 905-908.e4 (September 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.027 Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 The phenotype and functional responses of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CD127low cells mature with age. PBMC were analyzed after 2-hour resting (A and D) or after 24-hour stimulation with S aureus-CFS (B and E). Naive CD4+ T cells were cultured with autologous monocytes and analyzed after 48-hour stimulation with S aureus-CFS (C). Fig 1, A, Left: the percentage of CD25+FOXP3+CD127low (FOXP3+) cells among the CD4+ T-cell population. Middle and right: the percentages of CD45RA+ cells (middle) and HELIOS+ cells (right) among the FOXP3+ population. Fig 1, B, Upper left: the percentage of FOXP3+ cells among the CD4+ T-cell population; upper right and lower panels: the percentages of IL-10+, IFN-γ+, and IL-17A+ cells among the FOXP3+ population. Fig 1, C, Representative intracellular stainings of FOXP3 and T-bet expression in isolated naive CD4+ T cells or in CD4+ T cells in whole PBMCs. Fig 1, D, The percentage of CD161+ cells among the FOXP3+ population. Fig 1, E, The percentage of CD161+ cells and CD161 MFI values among the FOXP3+ population. CB, Cord blood; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; T-bet, T-box transcription factor. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗P ≤ .001, and ∗∗∗∗P ≤ .0001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 138, 905-908.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.027) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Infant colonization with S aureus and lactobacilli associates with CD161 expression and cytokine production by FOXP3+ cells at 2 years of age. PBMC were analyzed after 2-hour resting (A and B) or after 24-hour stimulation with S aureus-CFS ± L reuteri-CFS (C-E). Immunological data at 2 years of age were correlated with the presence/absence of gut bacteria early in life (age 1 week, 2 weeks, 2 months). Fig 2, A and B, The percentage of CD161+ cells among the FOXP3+ population in 2-year-old children colonized (+) or not colonized (−) by S aureus or in correlation with the relative amounts of S aureus in stool expressed as percent bacterial DNA of total nucleic acids. Fig 2, C, The percentage of IL-10+ cells among the FOXP3+ population in correlation with the relative amounts of S aureus in stool. Fig 2, D, The percentage of FOXP3+ cells expressing IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17A. Fig 2, E, The percentage of IL-10+ cells among the FOXP3+ population in 2-year-old children in relation to lactobacilli colonization. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗P ≤ .001, and ∗∗∗∗P ≤ .0001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 138, 905-908.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.027) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 Representative dot plots of flow cytometry data. A, PBMCs were rested for 2 hours before being stained and analyzed by flow cytometry. Left: staining of FOXP3 and CD25 gated from live CD4+ T cells; middle and right: staining of HELIOS (middle) and CD45RA (right) gated on CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CD127low cells. B, PBMCs were left unstimulated or cultured in the presence of S aureus 161:2-CFS. Representative staining of FOXP3 and CD25 exemplified by PBMCs from one 7-year-old donor. C, PBMCs were left unstimulated or cultured in the presence of S aureus-CFS. Representative intracellular staining of IL-10 expression in FOXP3+ cells. D, Representative intracellular stainings of ROR-γt and GATA-3 expression in isolated naive CD4 T cells cultured with autologous monocytes or in CD4 T cells in whole PBMCs after stimulation with S aureus 161:2-CFS. CB, Cord blood; FSC, forward scatter; GATA, trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3; ROR, RAR-related orphan receptor. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 138, 905-908.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.027) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 The percentage of CD4+ and CD4+FOXP3− T-cells that express CD45RA, HELIOS, and CD161 alter with age. PBMC were rested for 2 hours before being stained and analyzed by flow cytometry. A-C, The percentage of CD45RA+ cells (Fig E2, A), HELIOS+ cells (Fig E2, B), and CD161+ cells (Fig E2, C) among the total CD4+ (left column) or the CD4+FOXP3− (right column) T-cell populations. CB, Cord blood. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗P ≤ .001, and ∗∗∗∗P ≤ .0001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 138, 905-908.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.027) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig E3 L reuteri-CFS dampen S aureus-CFS–induced cytokine production. PBMCs were left unstimulated or cultured in the presence of S aureus-CFS ± L reuteri-CFS. A, The percentage of CD161+ cells among the FOXP3+ population. B, Representative intracellular staining of IL-10 expression in FOXP3+ cells. C, Secreted levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17A in PBMC cultures measured with ELISA. Secreted levels of all cytokines at unstimulated conditions were with no exceptions below the detection limits (not shown). FSC, Forward scatter. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗P ≤ .001, and ∗∗∗∗P ≤ .0001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 138, 905-908.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.027) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions