Rock Vocabulary

Rock A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter.

Rock cycle A continual geological process in which a rock forms/changes from one type of rock to another.

weathering The process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rock

erosion The process of which wind, water, ice, or gravity moves soil and sediment from one location to another. Process in which sediment is removed.

Deposition The process in which sediment moved by erosion is dropped, laid down, or comes to rest. This occurs in low-lying areas or bodies of water.

composition The chemical make-up of rock. It describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock.

texture Is the size, shape, and position of the grains that make up a rock

Compaction and Cementation 1: This is the process of when sediment and other grains of sand are eroded from hills and mountains and washed down a river to the ocean. 2: Over time the sediment forms thick layers on the ocean floor.

Compaction and Cementation 3: Eventually, the grains of sediment are compacted(pressed together in layers) and cemented together from minerals in the water to form sedimentary rock.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bkyXvYP4jM

Types of Rocks

Igneous Rock Forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools and solidifies This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Intrusive Igneous Rock Forms when magma intrudes or pushes into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface and cools These rocks are usually coarse-grained texture, cools quickly, forms large, visible crystals

extrusive Igneous Rock Forms from magma that erupts or extrudes onto the surface of the Earth These rocks are usually located around volcanoes, cools quickly on the surface, very small or no crystals form.

sediment Through the process of erosion rocks and minerals are broken down into small pieces called sediment

Sedimentary rock Forms at or near the Earth’s surface without heat and pressure that are involved in the formation of igneous and metamorphic rock

strata Visible layers within the formation of sedimentary rock. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

stratification The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.

Clastic sedimentary rock Forms when rock and mineral fragments, called clasts, are cemented together This PhY-SA

Chemical sedimentary rock Forms when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as sea water, to become rock

Organic sedimentary rock Forms from the remain of once- living plants and animals This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Metamorphic Rock Rocks can go through a process called metamorphism Texture, structure, or composition of the rock has changed.

Foliated Metamorphic Rock The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Non-foliated Metamorphic Rock The texture of the metamorphic rock is not arranged in planes or bands