Classification of Organisms

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Classification of Organisms

Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms Our classification system was first developed by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus

Binomial Nomenclature System developed by Linnaeus Each species has a two-part Latin name Genus species Ex: Tyto alba (barn owl)

Seven Levels of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Philip Came Over For Green Salami Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens Binomial nomenclature name = Homo sapiens

Kingdoms Monera Prostista Fungi Plantae Animalia Single-celled prokaryotes Bacteria Prostista Single-celled eukaryotes Algae, amoeba Fungi Mushrooms, molds, yeast Plantae Photosynthetic organisms Animalia Animals

Classification Which two species are most closely related?

Cladistics Cladistics is classification based on common ancestry Cladogram- family tree (phylogenetic tree) Classification is based on physical and genetic evidence Physical evidence: bilateral vs. radial symmetry Bilateral: mirror images when divided in half (most mammals) Radial: can be divided into identical halves at any angle (ex: starfish)

Interpreting Cladograms Which organisms are most closely related? Least related?

Interpreting Cladograms Which organisms are extinct?

Which species is most closely related to the cape fox? Which species developed the most recently?

Cladogram Tells us which characteristics organisms have in common. Which trait developed first: jaws or hair? What is one organism that has jaws but no hair?

Dichotomous Key Tools to help us identify species Similar to a field guide