Spain and the Americas J.A.SACCO
Causes of Colonization Religious freedom Find gold/silver Establish empires for the mother nation Government persecution Expand a nations economy abroad Second chance in life
Spain vs. Portugal *given claims to Brazil *given claims to New World Early Exploration/Colonization led by two nations- Spain and Portugal Conflict prevented by Pope Alexander VI in the Treaty of Tordesillas (1493) Spain Portugal *given claims to New World *given claims to Brazil and trade routes east
Treaty of Tordesillas
Who were the “conquistadores”?
Hernando De Soto (1539-1541) Mississippi River In search of riches
Hernan Cortes (1521) “We Spaniards know a sickness Destruction of the Aztec empire Seeking slave labor for Cuba/riches of the region Built capital of New Spain over the ruins of Tenochtitlan “We Spaniards know a sickness of the heart that only gold can cure.”
Francisco Pizarro (1533) Overthrew the Incas in Peru Seeking riches in region Took King Atahualpa hostage-later executed
Francisco Coronado (1540-1542) SW of what was to become the United States-Grand Canyon
New Spain
Effects of Spanish Colonization Columbian Exchange
Effect of Spanish Colonization Disease Large supply of silver Built “presidios”- forts for protection/also served as trade posts
Effect of Spanish Colonization Missions to spread Roman Catholicism/Eur. Culture Led by Franciscan priest Junipero Serra Built missions in San Diego/San Francisco Teach the Pueblo people Catholicism and European culture Often used violence to those who resisted those teachings
What is the feudal system? The Encomienda System New social system established by the Spainish based on the feudal system of the Middle Ages What is the feudal system?
The Encomienda System Encomendero Native Americans Title of “encomendero” given as a reward to control Native American villages. Encomendero Native Americans Encomendero protect Native Americans/convert to Christianity Pay to encomendero part of what is produced
The Encomienda System and Social Status Social Order Peninsulares Criollos Mestizos Labor Sp. Born-high gov’t and church positions Born in colonies of Sp. Parents. Wealthy but not become Peninsulares. Mixed Sp.and Nat. Amer. Merchants, artisans, Shopkeepers. Mostly poor. Nat.Amer. and African ancestry. Provide labor.
Government in Spanish America Council of the Indies Advisory board of King Special court- audencia were administrators and lawmakers Organized around viceroyalties- each governed by a viceroy
Economy of Spanish America Not based on gold but silver Climate very dry- not grow crops but could raise large herds of cattle and sheep Huge ranches called haciendas/ led by a vaqueros (cowboy)
The “encomienda” process illustrated in the map above a. triggered extensive demographic and social change. b. ended American Indian resistance. c. changed American Indian beliefs on the environment. d. led to the development of a hunter–gatherer economy.
The most devastating impact of the Spanish conquest and exploration was a. American Indian resistance and conflict. b. the subjugation of American Indians. c. the forced conversion of natives to Christianity. d. the spread of deadly epidemics. Which of the following Spanish imperial goals were least advanced by the conquest and exploration illustrated above? a. Enlarging the Spanish empire b. Gaining new sources of wealth c. Shifting from feudalism to capitalism d. Converting natives to Christianity