Keith Sheppard Angela Kelly Physics and Chemistry Offerings in New York State: Enrollment, Policy and Needs

United States

Different State Science Curriculum Different Science Graduation Requirements Different Teacher Certification Requirements

New York State

Some Facts about New York State 4 th Most populous state (19.5 M) – {56% white, 16% Black,7% Asian, 18% Hispanic} 62 Counties Contains New York City (8.2 M) Population not evenly distributed – ~70% in downstate School Population (2.7 M) – {49% White, 19% Black, 8% Asian, 22% Hispanic}

Some Facts about New York Schools School Population (2.7 M) – {49% White, 19% Black, 8% Asian, 22% Hispanic} – 49% Free and Reduced Lunch 7 Categories of School 54% of NYS students in high needs schools

New York State Distinguishing Features of NY Science Education?

New York State Distinguishing Feature of NY Science Education? – Regents Exams – Earth Science – And…

New York State School Districts

Largest School Districts DistrictStateEnrollment New York CityNY999,150 Los Angeles UnifiedCA707,627 City of ChicagoIL413,694 DadeFL353,790 Clark CountyNV303,448 BrowardFL262,813 Houston ISDTX202,936 HillsboroughFL193,517 HawaiiHI180,728

Largest School Districts DistrictStateEnrollment New York CityNY999,150 Los Angeles UnifiedCA707,627 City of ChicagoIL413,694 DadeFL353,790 Clark CountyNV303,448 Suffolk CountyNY264,000 BrowardFL262,813 Nassau CountyNY211,000 Houston ISDTX202,936 HillsboroughFL193,517 HawaiiHI180,728

New York State

NY Graduation Requirements for Science 6 credits of MST – de facto three years of science One Living Environment, One Physical Setting Pass One Regents Science Exam TWO Science Regents Exams for Advanced Diploma

Who Takes Which Science? Subject# Taking Exam % Passing (65%+) % Mastery (85%+) % State Living Environment 236, ~100 Earth Science165, ~ 70 Chemistry108, ~45 Physics49, ~21 New York State Source: New York State Report Card Data

Who Takes Which Science? Subject # Taking% Passing (65%+) % Mastery (85%+) Living Environment Earth Science Chemistry Physics New York City Source: New York State Report Card Data

Who Takes Which Science? Subject # Taking% Passing (65%+) % Mastery (85%+) Living Environment Earth Science Chemistry Physics Bronx Source: New York State Report Card Data

Who Takes Which Science? Subject # Taking% Passing (65%+) % Mastery (85%+) Living Environment Earth Science 100 Chemistry Physics Bronx High School of Science Source: New York State Report Card Data

Who Takes Which Science? Subject # Taking% Passing (65%+) % Mastery (85%+) Living Environment Earth Science Chemistry Physics Bronx - Bronx High School of Science Source: New York State Report Card Data

Who Takes Which Science? If you attend school in the Bronx your chances of taking Regents Physics are 1 in 9 (Chemistry 1 in 4) If you attend school in the Bronx (not BHS of Science) your chances of taking Regents Physics are 1 in 20 (Chem 1 in 10) If you attend school in the Bronx (not BHS of Science) your chances of passing Regents Physics are 1 in 40 (Chem 1 in 20) If you attend school in the Bronx (not BHS of Science) your chances of passing Regents Physics with mastery are 1 in 200 (Chem 1 in 200)

Chemistry Course# Enrolled# Teachers Regents Chemistry AP Chemistry College Chemistry Other Chemistry Source: New York BEDS Data

Physics Course# Enrolled# Teachers Regents Physics AP Physics B AP Physics C (Mech) AP Physics C (Elec) Other Physics14, Source: New York BEDS Data

Physics Students Regents Physics % Total AP Physics B% Total AP Physics C: Mechanics% Total AP Physics C: EM% Total Other Physics% Total All of NYS % % % % % New York City %151518%1489%40934%585341% Nassau County585111%172920%25815%22018%2972% Orange County10992%1001%744%182%2011% Putnam County4671%1702%00%0 1531% Rockland County11682%2953%724%655%3202% Suffolk County591311%154918%18111%12811%6465% Westchester County31126%6057%39523%756%178212% Tot. of 11 Lower Counties %596370%112866%91577%925265%

County Physics Teachers Regents Physics % Total AP Physics B% Total AP Physics C: Mechanics% Total AP Physics C: EM% Total Other Physics% Total All of NYS %294100%91100%46100%404100% New York City23920%3010%55%715%9022% Nassau County12611%5519%1415%920%123% Orange County222%6 33%12%8 Putnam County111%62%00%0 41% Rockland County242%93%44%37%113% Suffolk County12511%5418%1011%613%256% Westchester County645%227%1516%49%5012% Tot. of 11 Lower Counties61152%18262%5156%3065%20050%

Nassau County

Solutions – New York State 1.Change NYS graduation requirements –Physical Setting – Unintended consequence of testing culture – Boosting enrollment in physics and chemistry

Solutions – New York State 2.Explore units of analysis – Richer disaggregate data – Opportunity to learn in different contexts – Who is teaching what? In middle school? – How many teachers do we need in what certification areas?

Solutions – Administration 3.Educate administrators – Who controls access – Superintendents guidance counselors

Solutions – Higher Education 4.Role of research university – Offering advanced science, teaching labs – New Science Education Ph.D. – influence policy – Research on SES outliers