Basic Concepts and Development

1 2 3 4 5 HDI Five Themes of Geography Distribution Development HDI Five Themes of Geography Distribution Maps and Projections Movement and Diffusion 1 2 3 4 5

Development - 1 By what geographic term do we call the division between more and less developed countries?

Development - 1 north-south split

What two global regions have the world’s lowest HDI? Development - 2 What two global regions have the world’s lowest HDI?

Development - 2 Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia

Development - 3 Based on Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory, identify the three tiers of the world economy and at least one country that belongs in each (you must provide both to earn a point for each tier)

Core: US, Canada, any Western European country, Japan and Australia Development - 3 Core: US, Canada, any Western European country, Japan and Australia Semi-periphery: China, Russia, Eastern European countries, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, South Africa. Periphery: any country in sub-Saharan Africa except South Africa, other LDCs

In general, what does “empowerment” mean when measuring the GEM? Development - 4 Name three of the social or economic indicators that that are used to measure the GDI? In general, what does “empowerment” mean when measuring the GEM?

A. Any three of the following: per capita female GDP Development - 4 A. Any three of the following: per capita female GDP life expectancy for females literacy rates for females female school enrollment B. Participation of women in economic and political decision-making

Development - 5 What three increases in wealth inequality have resulted from the process of economic globalization?

MDCs’ share of global wealth is growing Development - 5 MDCs’ share of global wealth is growing In MDCs, inequality is growing between highly skilled and low skilled workers In LDCs, inequality is growing between regions connected to MDCs (the core, international trade) and more isloated regions.

HDI - 1 What is the value of the total output of goods and services produced within a country?

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) HDI - 1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

HDI - 2 What economic sector includes employment in the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy including top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofit, healthcare, culture, and the media? What economic sector includes employment in the collection, processing and manipulation of information in areas such as government, libraries, scientific research, education, and technology?

HDI - 2 Quinary Quaternary

agriculture, forestry, mining etc. manufacturing HDI - 3 Identify the economic sector for each activity and whether that sector employs a higher % of workers within a an MDC or an LDC? services agriculture, forestry, mining etc. manufacturing

HDI - 3 tertiary (MDCs) primary (LDCs) secondary (LDCs)

HDI - 4 Indicate where (in MDCs or LDCs) these demographic indicators of HDI are higher? Life expectancy Infant Mortality Rate Natural Increase Rate Crude Birth Rate

HDI - 4 MDCs LDCs

Describe the relationship between GDI and the natural increase rate. HDI - 5 Describe the relationship between GDI and the natural increase rate.

HDI - 5 The natural increase rate is the difference between the crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) within a country. It basically measures the % a country’s population can be expected to grow that year. Since women in country’s with higher GDIs tend to have fewer children higher GDIs will result in a lower natural increase rate. This is due to the fact that they have access to birth control, medical care and more educational and economic opportunities which result in women having less children. A lower birth rate will mathematically lower the natural increase rate.

Five Themes of Geography - 1 What are the Five Themes of Geography (you must name all five for this point)?

Five Themes of Geography - 1 Movement Region Location Interaction (human-environmental) Place

Five Themes of Geography - 2 In what two ways can a “location” be identified?

Five Themes of Geography - 2 exact, mathematical or absolute relative

Five Themes of Geography - 3 What are the three types of regions? (synonyms are accepted but be sure not to repeat the same type more than once)

Five Themes of Geography - 3 Formal, uniform, homogeneous Functional, nodal Vernacular, perceptual

Five Themes of Geography - 4 What are a location’s site and situation?

Five Themes of Geography - 4 Site is the physical characteristics of a location while situation is what makes those physical characteristics important.

Five Themes of Geography - 5 What is GPS and what is it mostly used for? What process allows the collection of data from dangerous or inaccessible areas? What is GIS and what is it mostly used for?

Five Themes of Geography - 5 Global Positioning System pinpoints location, velocity and direction. Remote sensing Geographic Information Systems permits the storage/analysis of layers of spatial data.

Distribution - 1 What are the three general properties by which distributions can be described?

Distribution - 1 Density Concentration Pattern

Distribution - 2 A) Distributions along streets and rivers are often described as having this distribution pattern? B) What term is used to describe a distribution that has no apparent pattern?

Distribution - 2 linear random

Identify the following density measures: population/arable land Distribution - 3 Identify the following density measures: population/arable land farmers/arable land population/total area

Distribution - 3

Distribution - 4 What term is best used to describe a concentration whose items are in close proximity to each other? What two terms can be used to describe a concentration whose items are not in close proximity to each other? What term is used to describe the clustering of business to access common markets, raw materials, capital and labor?

dispersed or scattered agglomeration Distribution - 4 clustered dispersed or scattered agglomeration

How does the agricultural density differ between MDCs and LDCs? Why? Distribution - 5 How does the agricultural density differ between MDCs and LDCs? Why?

Distribution - 5 Agricultural density which measures the total number of farmers divided by the amount of arable land within a country is much higher in LDCs than in MDCs. A lower agricultural density implies that farm work is mostly mechanized. Since farmers in MDCs have access to modern technology and machinery, MDCs will have a lower agricultural density. Although LDCs are gaining access to machinery and their agricultural density is decreasing much of the farm work in LDCs is still conducted by hand meaning more farmers per unit of arable land and consequently a higher agricultural density.

What is the basic physical fact that results on distortion on maps? Maps and Projections - 1 What is the basic physical fact that results on distortion on maps?

Maps and Projections - 1 It is impossible to represent a three-dimensional item on a two-dimensional surface without distortion.

Maps and Projections - 2 Translate the following ratio/fraction scale into written form using inches and miles: 1:200

Maps and Projections - 2

Maps and Projections - 3 What is a cartogram?

Maps and Projections - 3 A cartogram is a graph in map form which adjusts size of geographic units to reflect some value.

Identify the following map projections: Maps and Projections - 4 Identify the following map projections: A. B. C. D.

Goode-Homolosine or Interrupted Robinson Azimuthal Mercator Maps and Projections - 4 Goode-Homolosine or Interrupted Robinson Azimuthal Mercator

Identify which thematic map best represent the following values: Maps and Projections - 5 Identify which thematic map best represent the following values: the movement of people, information, and goods between places the Earth’s physical features Connection of equal values like elevation and barometric pressure the concentration and pattern of an occurrence within an area the dominance of traits thru standardized rates and %s using colors and shading.

Flow line map Topographic map Isoline map Dot density map Maps and Projections - 5 Flow line map Topographic map Isoline map Dot density map Choropleth map

Movement and Diffusion - 1 What do we call the set of processes that are: increasing interactions, uniformity and deepening relationships through heightened interdependence without regard to country borders?

Movement and Diffusion - 1 globalization

Movement and Diffusion - 2 What are the two broad categories of diffusion?

Movement and Diffusion - 2 Relocation Expansion

Movement and Diffusion - 3 What type of expansion diffusion describes the spread of an underlying principle if not the end product or cultural trait? What type of expansion diffusion spreads rapidly to nearby locations based mostly on proximity? What type of expansion diffusion spreads from nodes of authority to other connected people while skipping those in closest proximity?

Movement and Diffusion - 3 stimulus contagious hierarchical

Movement and Diffusion - 4 What phenomenon describes the decrease in the dominance of a trait the farther it diffuses away from its hearth? What phenomenon describes the distortion and lessening of “A” due to modern communication and transportation technologies.

Movement and Diffusion - 4 distance decay time-space compression

Movement and Diffusion - 5 What geographic philosophy suggests that humans possess the ability to dominate their environment rather than being dominated by it? What geographic philosophy suggests that the landscape and climate dominate human actions and behaviors? What is the umbrella “school of thought” which emcompasses both of the above philosophies?

Movement and Diffusion - 5 possibilism environmental determinism cultural ecology