Key terms anucleate of a cell which does not have a nucleus The Circulatory System Key terms anucleate of a cell which does not have a nucleus clot a solidified mass of blood coagulation the process by which blood forms solid clots collagen Any of more than 28 types of glycoprotein that forms elongated fibers, usually found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. electrolyte any of the various ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes erythrocyte an anucleate cell in the blood involved with the transport of oxygen called a red blood cell because of the red coloring of hemoglobin hemoglobin iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin) and heme (a porphyrin ring with iron at its center) hemolymph a circulating fluid in the bodies of some invertebrates that is the equivalent of blood homeostasis the ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium interstitial fluid a solution found in tissue spaces that inundates and moistens cells in multicellular animals

leukocyte a white blood cell The Circulatory System leukocyte a white blood cell macrophage a white blood cell that phagocytizes necrotic cell debris and foreign material, including viruses, bacteria, and tattoo ink; part of the innate immune system pathogen any organism or substance, especially a microorganism, capable of causing disease, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or fungi stenosis an abnormal narrowing or stricture in a blood vessel or other tubular organ viscosity a quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid, as measured by the force per unit area resisting uniform flow

Components of human blood The Circulatory System Components of human blood The cells and cellular components of human blood are shown. Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells (including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils) are involved in the immune response. Platelets form clots that prevent blood loss after injury.

Different oxygen-carrying proteins The Circulatory System Different oxygen-carrying proteins (a) In most vertebrates, hemoglobin delivers oxygen to the body and removes some carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin is composed of four protein subunits, two alpha chains and two beta chains, and a heme group that has iron associated with it. The iron reversibly associates with oxygen; in so doing, it is oxidized from Fe2+ to Fe3+. (b) In some organisms, hemocyanin delivers oxygen. (c) In some organisms, hemerythrin carries oxygen.

Types of white blood cells The Circulatory System Types of white blood cells Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) are characterized by a lobed nucleus and granular inclusions in the cytoplasm. Granulocytes are typically first-responders during injury or infection. Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes. Lymphocytes, including B and T cells, are responsible for adaptive immune response. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, which in turn respond to infection or injury.

How platelets are made and how they work The Circulatory System How platelets are made and how they work (a) Platelets are formed from large cells called megakaryocytes. The megakaryocyte breaks up into thousands of fragments that become platelets. (b) Platelets are required for clotting of the blood. The platelets collect at a wound site in conjunction with other clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, to form a fibrin clot that prevents blood loss and allows the wound to heal.

Blood sample after centrifugation The Circulatory System Blood sample after centrifugation The liquid components of blood called plasma (yellow section) can be separated from the erythrocytes (red section) and platelets (white section) by using a centrifuging or spinning the blood.

Important Points About Blood Components The Circulatory System Important Points About Blood Components Name and identify the components of blood Describe the role of components of blood Explain how the structure of blood cells affects their function. describe the shape, function, and origin of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Component of Blood What does it look like? Primary role Details What you need to do: Read the information on the blood fact sheet. Use the information to complete the table Component of Blood What does it look like? Primary role Details Cut and stick or a fill in.