1. Ch. 9 The Transports Of The Body
BLOOD
Ch. 9 The Transports Of The Body

2. Blood Made up of about 60% liquid (plasma)
40% formed elements which consist of:
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
leukocytes (white blood cells)
thrombocytes (platelets)

3. Blood
Blood is about 5 times as viscous as water and the color varies from bright red to dark blue/purple depending on the oxygen content.

4. Blood’s Role Transports oxygen from the lungs
Collects waste products and delivers it to the excretory organs for disposal
Carries hormones from endocrine glands
Maintains fluid content of the tissue
Regulates temperature

5. Plasma This liquid portion of the blood, is clear to straw colored
Approximately 90% water and 10% solutes.
Protein makes up most of the solutes.
One of these proteins is fibrinogen which is important for blood clotting

6. If the clotting factors (fibrinogen) are removed the resulting liquid is called “serum”

7. Blood Cells
All blood cells begin as stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells. In young animals, blood cells are produced in all bone marrow. In adults blood cells are produced in red bone marrow

8. Blood Cells Production
Proerythroblasts =
Myeloblasts =
Lymphoblasts =
Monoblasts =
Megakaryoblasts =
erythrocytes
granulocytes
lymphocytes
monocytes
thrombocytes

9. Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes are anucleated biconcave disks that carry hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is an iron containing pigment that combines with oxygen and gives blood the red color.
Hemoglobin not only combines with oxygen in the lungs to carry it throughout the body but also combines with carbon dioxide and carries it to the lungs for disposal.

10. Erythrocytes

11. Leukocytes:

12. There are five types of leukocytes and they are divided into two groups: Granulocytes Agranulocytes

13. Granulocytes
Originate in the bone marrow and contain fine granules. These are further classified based on staining characteristics.

14. Segmented neutrophils: These cells phagocytize invaders as well as build a wall against invaders

15. Eosinophils
These detoxify foreign proteins from allergens or parasitic infections.

16. Basophils
These have purple to blue staining granules. Their function isn’t clear, but they may prevent coagulation in blood vessels

17. Agranulocytes
These cells originate in the lymph system and have a round or horseshoe shaped nucleus

18. Lymphocyte: These have a rounded nucleus and function in phagocytosis and immune response.

19. Monocyte
These have a horseshoe shaped nucleus and function primarily as phagocytes

20. Neutrophil
Monocyte
Basophil
Lymphocyte
Eosinophil
Leukocytes

21. Thrombocytes
Platelets (thrombocytes) these cells originate in the bone marrow and function in the clotting mechanism. Clotting is a result of a chemical reaction. Platelets attach to an injured blood vessel and release substances that contract blood vessels.

22. Thrombocytes (Platelets)

23. Platelets under an electron microscope
a microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses.

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