V. Allies are Victorious

A. Total War Total War – Countries devote all of their resources to the war effort Government controls what factories produce Unemployment nearly disappears Goods were rationed and women replace men in factories

Women Working in Factories

B. Failed Last Push Germany makes one last attempt to capture Paris May 1918 – German troops reach Marne River

May 1917 – 140,000 American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) arrive in France American Forces are led by General John J. Pershing – “Blackjack”

John J. “Blackjack” Pershing

Ferdinand Foch – All allied forces were under his command

Second Battle of the Marne (July 18, 1918) – With the help of 350 British tanks the Allies smash through German lines The arrival of 2 million Americans helps push Germany back

C. Allies Win the War November 1918 – Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire surrender Germany is left with no allies November 7, 1918 – Uprising occur throughout Germany November 9, 1918 – Kaiser Wilhelm II is forced to step down

November 11, 1918 – New Germany government signs an armistice Armistice – An agreement to stop fighting World War I ended at the Eleventh hour, of the Eleventh day, of the Eleventh month

Boston Crowds Celebrate Armistice Day

D. Wilson’s 14 Points Fourteen Points – Woodrow Wilson’s plan for achieving “a just and lasting peace” Wanted a “peace without victory”

Most Important Points 1 – End secret diplomacy 2 – Freedom of seas at all times 3 – Self-Determination –Allows nations to establish their own countries 4 – Create a world peace keeping organization (becomes League of Nations)

E. War’s Extreme Cost Both sides paid a tremendous cost 8.5 Million soldiers were killed 21 Million soldiers were wounded Spanish Flu – Influenza killed more than three times as many people as the war Around 30 million die of the Spanish Flu

Everyone Was Forced to Wear Masks in Public

Victims of the Spanish Flu

The Somme American Cemetery, France 116,516 Americans Died

Spanish Flu killed people in every major country in the world 232 Trillion – Total cost of the war