The Progressive Response A Response Group Activity

The Progressive Response 1900’s Brought rapid change due to Industrialization Immigration Urbanization

II. Changes Brought Problems Poor Working / Living Conditions Fraud to Consumers Unfair Business Practices Political Corruption Destruction of Wilderness

III. Progressives Brought Change They Were Reformers who aimed to fight these problems Mostly White Middle Class Professionals Pres. Teddy Roosevelt- Square Deal Plan Regulated fair business Protected consumers Increased rights of workers Protected natural resources Woodrow Wilson- Anti-Clayton Trust Act

III. Progressives Brought Change 6 Categories of Progressivism Political Reform Economic Reform Social Reform Environmental Reform Muckrakers Progressive Personalities/People

IV. “Fighting Bob” La Follette Progressive Governor of Wisconsin Relentless Fighter for Progressive Causes -notably RR Industry Question A

V. Ida Tarbell

V. Ida Tarbell Muckraker Wrote History of Standard Oil Company Others Upton Sinclair- The Jungle Jacob Riis- photographer Question B

VI. Child Labor/ Poor Working Conditions

VI. Child Labor/ Poor Working Conditions 12 hour days/6-7 days per week No Minimum Wage No Unemployment Insurance Unsafe/ Unsanitary Conditions Child Slavery

VI. Child Labor/ Poor Working Conditions Low Union Membership –1900 only 3% G. Triangle Shirt Waist Factory fire 1911 (see next slide) Some Relief Roosevelt sided w/ unions 1902-coal strike 1903- Department of Commerce and Labor Question C

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, March 25, 1911

“The Shirtwaist Kings” Max Blanck and Isaac Harris

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Asch Building, 8th and 10th Floors

Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910

Inside the Building After the Fire

Most Doors Were Locked

Crumpled Fire Escape, 26 Died

10th Floor After the Fire

Dead Bodies on the Sidewalk

Dead Bodies on the Sidewalk

Scene at the Morgue

Relatives Review Bodies 145 Dead

Page of the New York Journal

One of the Many Funerals

Protestors March to City Hall

Labor Unions March as Mourners

The Investigation Francis Perkins Future Secetary Of Labor Alfred E. Smith – Future NYC Mayor and Presidential Candidate

Out of the Ashes ILGWU membership surged. NYC created a Bureau of Fire Prevention. New strict building codes were passed. Tougher fire inspection of sweatshops. Growing momentum of support for women’s suffrage.

The Foundations Were Laid for the New Deal Here in 1911 Al Smith ran unsuccessfully in 1928 on many of the reform programs that would be successful for another New Yorker 4 years later – FDR. In the 1930s, the federal government created OSHA [the Occupational Safety & Health Administration]. The Wagner Act. Francis Perkins  first female Cabinet member [Secretary of Labor] in FDR’s administration.

VII. Food Inspection

VII. Food Inspection Reduction in Food quality Biggest offender- Meat Packing industry Unsafe chemicals additives and false advertising Lead to Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 Question D

VIII. Trustbusting

VIII. Trustbusting Monopolies out of Hand Roosevelt=#1 trustbuster Federal Trade Commission (FTC) -prevented large companies from destroying smaller ones Clayton Anti-Trust Act –Wilson -prohibited price fixing Question E

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IX. Political Corruption/ Women’s Suffrage

IX. Political Corruption/ Women’s Suffrage Political Machines (fixed elections) Power in hands of rich few Politicians had little accountability Progressives sought to make gov’t more responsive to people. NOT $$$ 1920- Women’s Suffrage Achieved Question F

X. Conservationism

X. Conservationism Roosevelt’s greatest achievement as a progressive president. John Muir (influence) Huge tracts of wilderness reserved National parks created. Question G

XI. Civil Rights

XI. Civil Rights Most Progressives not concerned with Civil Rights issues. W.E.B. Dubois created the NAACP Fought for rights of Black Americans. Question H