Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology Test Review

C. Study of organisms and their interactions with their environments 1. What is the study of Ecology? A. Study of life B. Study of environments C. Study of organisms and their interactions with their environments D. Study of matter C. Study of organisms and their interactions with their environments

B. Abiotic (non-living) 2. The pictures are examples of _______ factors in the environment. A. Biotic B. Abiotic C. Living D. Earth B. Abiotic (non-living)

3. This is an example of what cycle. A. Water Cycle B 3. This is an example of what cycle? A. Water Cycle B. Carbon-Oxygen Cycle C. Nitrogen Cycle D. Phosphorus Cycle D. Phosphorus Cycle

4. What is a food web. A. Contains all possible food chains B 4. What is a food web? A. Contains all possible food chains B. A simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem C. Characteristics shared by living and nonliving things D. It’s what a spider refers to as dinner. A. Contains all possible food chains

5. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next. A 5. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next? A. 1% B. 5% C. 10% D. 25% C. 10%

6. What part of Earth do living organisms live. A. Biosphere B 6. What part of Earth do living organisms live? A. Biosphere B. Lithosphere C. Hydrosphere D. All of the bove All of the above All organisms live in the Biosphere= Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, and Atmosphere

7. What is an example of a biotc factor in the ocean. A. Water B 7. What is an example of a biotc factor in the ocean? A. Water B. Temperature C. Salinity D. Seaweed D. Seaweed- Living organism

8. Scientists found that, over a period of 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several communities of organisms were replaced by different communities. Which of these best explains why new communities were able to replace older communities? A. The original species became extinct B. Species in the older communities dies from old age C. Abiotic characteristics of the habitat changed D. Disease killed the older communities C*. Abiotic characteristics changed = caused communities that are more adapted to the new changes to survive

9. Energy that passes through a food chain is lost to the environment as ________. A. Cold B. Heat C. Waste D. Lightning B. Heat- This is the reason only 10% energy gets passed on.

10. Arrows in a food chain or food web represent what?

10. Arrows represent the flow of energy to the next trophic level (producers 1o Consumer  2o Consumer…)

11. True or False. Symbiosis describes the close relationship between 2 organisms True: 3 types of symbiosis- Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism

12. A food chain is shown below: GrassesCricketsField MiceHawks Which of the following changes to the food chain will have the most severe effect? Drastic decrease in rainfall, causing drought Hunting of hawks by game hunters Introduction of a second predator that eats field mice A disease that reduces the cricket population A*. Drought will kill the grasses that form the base of the food chain. (The most severe impact will happen closest to the beginning of the food chain because it affects the rest of the organisms up the chain)

B*. Fungi and Bacteria (Decomposers) 13. Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms? A. Herbivores B. Fungi and Bacteria C. Producers D. Parasites B*. Fungi and Bacteria (Decomposers)

14. Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid? A. clams B. sardines C. sharks D. kelp C*. Sharks- They would be a 2o Consumer/Carnivor

15. Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the: A herbivores. B water. C vegetation. D atmosphere. D*. Atmosphere- Remember the Carbon-Oxygen cycle (Where does most of the Carbon go?)

True- This is the mian function of the Nitrogen Cycle 16. True or False. Organisms cannot use atmospheric Nitrogen (N2) unless it is converted into nitrates True- This is the mian function of the Nitrogen Cycle

17. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which _____________. A 17. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which _____________. A. Both organisms benefit B. One organism benefits while the other is unaffected. C. One organism benefits while the other is harmed D. All of the above B. One organism benefits while the other is unaffected (birds and trees)

18. What cycle uses photosynthesis and respiration to support life on Earth? A. Water Cycle B. Carbon-Oxygen Cycle C. Nitrogen Cycle D. Phosphorus Cycle B. Carbon-Oxygen Cycle

19. What is an organism’s niche within a habitat. A 19. What is an organism’s niche within a habitat? A. The place where an organism lives B. The survival rate of an organism C. The role an organism plays within its habitat D. The amount of camoflage an organism has C. The role an organism plays within its environment

B. Population- One species that interbreeds 20. This is an example of: A. Single organism B. Population C. Community D. Ecosystem B. Population- One species that interbreeds

21. Which trophic level has the most energy. A. Plants B. Herbivores C 21. Which trophic level has the most energy? A. Plants B. Herbivores C. Omnivores D. carnivores Plants # of organisms (biomass)= energy

Uses Photosynthesis or chemical synthesis to make own food (plants) 22. What organism makes their own food? A. Heterotroph B. Autotroph C. Carnivore D. Omnivore B. Autotroph Uses Photosynthesis or chemical synthesis to make own food (plants)

C. Precipitation- rain, hail, snow 23. What major step is missing in the water cycle: Evaporation/transpirationCondensation_______RunoffGround WaterOcean A. Freezing B. Collection C. Precipitation D. Cloud fairies C. Precipitation- rain, hail, snow

24. How do humans obtain nitrogen. A 24. How do humans obtain nitrogen? A. Absorb atmospheric Nitrogen through the skin B. By eating plants C. By breathing in air D. None of the above By eating plants Remember Nitrogen cycle- Atmospheric Nitrogen has to be converted to nitrates that are then taken up by plants

25. True or False. A vital part of an ecosystem is the stability of the producers and decomposers? True. Without producers, consumers up the food chain will not survive. Without decomposers, organic elements cannot be recycled back into the environment

26. See the food chain below: PlantsPandasChuck NorrisInvader Zim What would happen to C.Norris and Invader Zim if the Pandas went extinct? They will not be affected They will live longer They will die Why did it have to be the pandas…

26. See the food chain below: PlantsPandasChuck NorrisInvader Zim   What would happen to C.Norris and Invader Zim if the Pandas went extinct? C. They will die

27. In this food web, name four things that would happen if the Pine Borer (insect) went extinct? 2. Kinglet =  3. Salamander =  4. Snake = 

28. A community is: A. One species that Interbreeds B 28. A community is: A. One species that Interbreeds B. Several populations C. Several Ecosytems D. Only abiotic factors B. Several Populations

D. Organism Population Community Ecosystem 29. What is the correct sequence of Ecology: A. OrganismCommunityPopulation  Ecosystem B. Population  Ecosystem  Organism  Community C. Ecosystem  Community Population Organism D. Organism  Population  Community  Ecosystem D. Organism Population Community Ecosystem

30. Each energy level of the Ecological/Energy pyramid is called: Energy Steps Trophic Steps Trophic Levels Ecology Levels C. Trophic Levels