Patients with SLE have elevated ERV expression.

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Patients with SLE have elevated ERV expression. Patients with SLE have elevated ERV expression. (A) A volcano plot depicting differential expression of all 3,220 ERVs. Red ERVs are significantly elevated in SLE patients compared with healthy controls (padj < 0.05, log2 fold-change > 1.0). The top 30 significantly elevated ERVs are indicated by their names. (B) Comparison of the sum of all significantly different ERV reads between healthy and SLE donors (SLE, n = 20; healthy, n = 6). Error bars represent SEM and nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test was performed to calculate significance. ***P < 0.001. (C) Heatmap of the 124 significantly elevated ERVs in SLE patients compared with healthy controls as determined by using a cut-off of padj < 0.05. (D) Heatmap of the sum of reads for significantly elevated ERVs and the sum of reads for ISGs per patient sample. Maria Tokuyama et al. PNAS doi:10.1073/pnas.1814589115 ©2018 by National Academy of Sciences