Titian’s School of Athens

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Presentation transcript:

Titian’s School of Athens

ARISTOTLE THE SCIENTIST

The scientific observer A categorizer, and organizer. Some men are born to lead and some to follow. Hence, slavery OK, because it is ‘ natural’, inequality of genders as well. What is natural is both real and right

JUSTICE : Definition 1 Justice is treating equals equally And treating unequals unequally

The logician Father of syllogism All men are mortal. Socrates is mortal. Socrates is a man.

The four causes Material out of what Efficient by what Formal into what Final for the purpose of what the end (telos, hence teleology)

What is the end (goal) of man? The Nicomachean Ethics. An attempt to show how we should behave “should” indicates in keeping with our proper, just (final) cause. A lot about friendship: 3 types for our good shared interest, and ‘true’ friendship

What is a “good” man? Good for what?

What are the “goods”? Some goods are self evident. Health, knowledge, skills, liberty Society to allow the others to be achieved

Doctrine of the Mean Virtues are the midpoint, the “goldilocks’ just right balance between extremes. Ex: Deficiency =cowardice Excess = foolhardiness Virtue = courage Miserliness, extravagance, generosity

Modern example Deficiency not caring about a test Excess obsessing about a test pulling an all-nighter panic attack Virtue preparedness

NB Plato’s definition of justice, harmony balance, proper ordering

So, Virtues, practiced, habitual Eudaimonia: activity of the soul in accord with virtue What is the highest pleasure? Happiness and pleasure

The end of man. To realize our potential, The highest activity we are capable of, that which is most like the gods? Not the mentality of a child, pleasurable as it is. Not just pleasure

Active or passive? Contemplative or by good deeds

Abraham Maslow American 1908-1970 Hierarchy of needs, None higher can be reached until the lower ones are satisfied. Physical needs Safety needs Belonging needs Esteem needs

Self actualization Which means?

What are the “goods”? Real (needs) and apparent (wants): Of the real: Instrumental and ultimate Of the instrumental Possessions (external) and Perfections (internal)