1. + Aristotle Kelly Ross HN Philosophy – Mr. Dunn May 2 nd, 2011

2. + Philosopher and Scientist (4 th century BC) 384 -322 BC Born in Macedonia Father was a respected physician-therefore a scientist Pupil at Plato’s Academy for almost twenty years Not only the last of the great Greek philosophers, he was also Europe’s first great biologist

3. + The Philosophy of Aristotle Most interested in nature study Nature is the “real world”; grasp the reality of the world in front of us by using our senses Believed in forms that were eternal and changeless, not something that existed on its own in another world His idea of the “form” of a horse: the characteristics that exist within all horses. The form is within the horse itself and it is whatever is shared by that horse and every other member of the horse’s species.

4. + The Philosophy of Aristotle cont’d. Engrossed in the changes that occurred in the world, which are now known as natural processes. “Got down on all fours” to examine the world around him, using reason as well as his senses to distinguish the form of something. In order to analyze between the substance and form: Substance-what things are made of Form-each thing’s specific characteristics

5. + The Four Causes Aristotle held that there were four different types of cause in nature. The four causes are: 1. Material Cause: The matter involved 2. Efficient Cause: The thing that brings something about 3. Formal Cause: The form or nature of the matter that makes a being different from other beings 4. Final Cause: Everything has a goal or purpose when they occur naturally

6. + Nature’s Scale Everything in the natural world can be separated into two different categories: 1. Non-living 2. Living a. Plants b. Other Creatures i. Humans ii. Animals

7. + Ethics Aristotle emphasized that there are three forms of happiness; in which all three criteria must be present at the same time in order for man to find fulfillment. The three forms man must achieve: 1. Life of pleasure and enjoyment 2. Life as a free and responsible citizen 3. Life of a thinker and philosopher The same applies in human relationships; where Aristotle advocated the “Golden Mean”. Balance equals happiness.

8. + The End “All men by nature desire knowledge.” -Aristotle